Crossing the threshold in the alchemist

Abnormal Psychology Seventeenth Edition

Jill M. Hooley Harvard University

James N. Butcher University of Minnesota

Matthew K. Nock Harvard University

Susan Mineka Northwestern University

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Hooley, Jill M., author. | Butcher, James Neal, author. | Nock, Matthew, author. | Mineka, Susan, author. Title: Abnormal psychology. Description: Seventeenth edition / Jill M. Hooley, James N. Butcher, Matthew K. Nock, Susan Mineka. | Boston : Pearson, [2017] | Revision of: Abnormal psychology / James N. Butcher, University of Minnesota, Susan Mineka, Northwestern University, Jill M. Hooley, Harvard University. Sixteenth edition. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015041946 | ISBN 9780133852059 | ISBN 0133852059 Subjects: LCSH: Psychology, Pathological—Textbooks. | Psychiatry—Textbooks

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iii

1 Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches 1

2 Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior 32

3 Causal Factors and Viewpoints 60

4 Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis 106

5 Stress and Physical and Mental Health 136

6 Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, and Their Disorders 173

7 Mood Disorders and Suicide 220

8 Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders 269

9 Eating Disorders and Obesity 303

10 Personality Disorders 341

11 Substance-Related Disorders 384

12 Sexual Variants, Abuse, and Dysfunctions 421

13 Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders 459

14 Neurocognitive Disorders 503

15 Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Neurodevelopmental Disorders) 532

16 Psychological Treatment 570

17 Contemporary and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology 607

Brief Contents

iv

Features xiii What’s New in DSM-5? A Quick Guide xv Preface xvii About the Authors xxiii

1 Abnormal Psychology: Overview and Research Approaches 1

What Do We Mean by Abnormality? 3 Indicators of Abnormality 3

The World Around Us Extreme Generosity or Pathological Behavior? 6

Thinking Critically about DSM-5 What Is the DSM and Why Was It Revised? 7

The DSM-5 and the Definition of Mental Disorder 7

Classification and Diagnosis 8 What Are the Disadvantages of Classification? 8 How Can We Reduce Prejudicial Attitudes Toward People Who Are Mentally Ill? 9

Culture and Abnormality 10

How Common Are Mental Disorders? 12 Prevalence and Incidence 12 Prevalence Estimates for Mental Disorders 13 The Global Burden of Disease 15 Treatment 15 Mental Health Professionals 16

Research Approaches in Abnormal Psychology 16

Sources of Information 17 Case Studies 17 Self-Report Data 18 Observational Approaches 18

Forming and Testing Hypotheses 19 Sampling and Generalization 20 Internal and External Validity 21 Criterion and Comparison Groups 21

Correlational Research Designs 22 Measuring Correlation 22 Statistical Significance 23 Effect Size 24 Meta-Analysis 24 Correlations and Causality 24 Retrospective versus Prospective Strategies 24

The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology 25 Studying the Efficacy of Therapy 26 Single-Case Experimental Designs 27

Developments in Research Do Magnets Help with Repetitive-Stress Injury? 27

Animal Research 29

Unresolved Issues Are We All Becoming Mentally Ill? The Expanding Horizons of Mental Disorder 29 Summary 30

Key Terms 31

2 Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior 32

Historical Views of Abnormal Behavior 33 Demonology, Gods, and Magic 34 Hippocrates’ Early Medical Concepts 34

Developments in Thinking Melancholia Through the Ages 35

Early Philosophical Conceptions of Consciousness 36 Later Greek and Roman Thought 36 Early Views of Mental Disorders in China 37 Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages 37

Toward Humanitarian Approaches 39 The Resurgence of Scientific Questioning in Europe 39 The Establishment of Early Asylums 40 Humanitarian Reform 41 Nineteenth-Century Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders 45 Changing Attitudes Toward Mental Health in the Early Twentieth Century 45

The World Around Us Chaining Mental Health Patients 46

Mental Hospital Care in the Twentieth Century 46

The Emergence of Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior 48

Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorder 48 The Development of a Classification System 49 Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder 50

Developments in Research The Search for Medications to Cure Mental Disorders 50

The Evolution of the Psychological Research Tradition: Experimental Psychology 53

Unresolved Issues Interpreting Historical Events 56 Summary 58

Key Terms 59

3 Causal Factors and Viewpoints 60 Risk Factors and Causes of Abnormal Behavior 61

Necessary, Sufficient, and Contributory Causes 61 Feedback and Bidirectionality in Abnormal Behavior 63 Diathesis–Stress Models 63

Contents

Contents v

Assessment Interviews 115 The Clinical Observation of Behavior 116 Psychological Tests 117

Developments in Practice The Automated Practice: Use of the Computer in Psychological Testing 118

The Case of Andrea C.: Experiencing Violence in the Workplace 125

Developments in Practice Computer-Based MMPI-2 Report for Andrea C. 126

The Integration of Assessment Data 128 Ethical Issues in Assessment 128

Classifying Abnormal Behavior 129 Differing Models of Classification 129 Formal Diagnostic Classification of Mental Disorders 130

Unresolved Issues The DSM-5: Issues in Acceptance of Changed Diagnostic Criteria 133 Summary 134

Key Terms 135

5 Stress and Physical and Mental Health 136

What Is Stress? 137 Stress and the DSM 138 Factors Predisposing a Person to Stress 138 Characteristics of Stressors 139 Measuring Life Stress 140 Resilience 140

Stress and Physical Health 141 The Stress Response 142 The Mind–Body Connection 143 Understanding the Immune System 143

Stress and Immune System Functioning 145 Stress and Cytokines 145 Chronic Stress and Inflammation 146 Stress and Premature Aging 147

The World Around Us Racial Discrimination and Cardiovascular Health in African Americans 147

Emotions and Health 149 Personality 149 Depression 150 Anxiety 151 Social Isolation and Lack of Social Support 151 Positive Emotions 151 The Importance of Emotion Regulation 153

Treatment of Stress-Related Physical Disorders 153 Biological Interventions 153 Psychological Interventions 153

Stress and Mental Health 155 Adjustment Disorder 155 Adjustment Disorder Caused by Unemployment 156 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 156