Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Get Free Quotes Post Your Requirements

Faraday ice pail and charge production lab report

13/11/2021 Client: muhammad11 Deadline: 2 Day

Electrostatic Charging Equipment list

Qty Items Parts Numbers

1 Charge Sensor CI-6555 1 Charge Producers and Proof Planes ES-9057A 1 Faraday Ice Pail ES-9024A

Introduction

The purpose of this activity is to investigate the nature of charging an object by contact as compared to

charging an object by induction. You will also determine the polarity of two charge ‘producers’ and

measure the amount of charge on each.

Background

Electric charge is one of the fundamental properties of matter.

Electrostatics is the study of electric charges and their

characteristics. For example, like charges tend to repel and unlike

charges attract. An object is electrically neutral most of the time;

that is, it has a balance of positive and negative electric charges.

The positive charges (+) come from the proton, while the

negative charges (-) are a result from the electrons. Rubbing

different materials together, contact with a charged object, and

charging by induction are the three ways to create an imbalance

of electric charge – sometimes called static electricity. Static

electricity is a charge and the unit of charge is the coulomb with

its SI symbol, q. Any positive or negative charge, q, that can be

detected can be written as q = ne where n = ±1, ±2, ±3, … in

which e, the elementary charge, has the value of 1.602 x 10-

19C. Frequently in experiments milliCoulombs (mC),

microCoulombs (μC), nanoCoulombs (nC) and even picoCoulombs (pC) are used.

As mentioned above, opposite charges always attract and like charges tend to repel. At an elemental level,

like charges always repel (electrons repel electrons, protons repel protons), but for macroscopic objects,

non-symmetric charge distribution can result in an overall attraction between two objects that carry the

same type of overall charge (positive or negative). Non-symmetrical charge distribution always results in

an attraction between a charged object and an electrically neutral (overall) object. Looking at the three

types of charging mentioned earlier, we can look at how the charges are distributed in each case:

1. Charging by rubbing: when two initially neutral non-conducting objects are rubbed together, one of

them will generally bind electrons more strongly than the other and take electrons from the other. The law

of conservation of charge requires that the total amount of electrons be conserved. That is, electrons only

move from one object to another, but no new electrons are created, nor do they disappear. Overall, the

two objects when considered together still have zero net charge.

2. Charging by contact: when a charged object is touched to a neutral (or less charged) object, repulsive

forces between the like charges result in some of the charge transferring to the less charged object so the

like charges will be further apart. This effect is much larger for conducting objects.

3. Charging by induction: the protons and electrons inside any object respond to electric forces of

attraction or repulsion. When an object is placed near a charged object, the charged object will exert

opposite forces on the protons and the electrons inside the other object, forcing them to move apart from

rev 08/2016

each other. One side of the object will become more positive than it was initially. The other side will

become more negative, as electrons migrate internally. This condition is called polarization, a word that

refers to the object having “poles,” or opposite sides with different electrical states, even though the

object as a whole may still neutral. If a conductor is touched to the polarized object, some of the charge

will transfer to the conductor. If the conductor is then removed, the object now carries a net charge

different from its initial charge.

Historically, Michael Faraday used a metal ice pail as a conducting object to study how charges

distributed themselves with a charged object was brought inside the pail. The ‘ice pail’ had a lid with a

small opening through which he lowered a positively-charged metal ball into the pail without touching it

to the pail. Negative charges in the pail moved to the inner surface of the pail leaving positive charges on

the outside.

If the charged ball touches the inside of the ice pail, electrons would flow into the ball exactly

neutralizing the ball. This would leave the pail with a net positive charge residing on the outer surface of

the pail.

To experimentally investigate electrostatics, some charge-detecting or measuring device is needed. A

common instrument for this purpose is the electroscope, a device with two thin gold leaves vertically

suspended from a common point. When a charged object is brought near the electroscope, the gold leaves

separate, roughly indicating the magnitude of the charge.

Although there are many different versions of the electroscope, all such instruments depend upon the

repulsion of like charges to produce an output or reading. Unfortunately, such devices are relatively

insensitive (large amounts of charge are needed to make the gold leaves separate), and the device does not

have a quantitative reading.

The Charge Sensor is an ‘electronic electroscope’. In addition to providing a quantitative measurement,

the Charge Sensor is more sensitive and indicates polarity directly. Assuming there is no residual charges

and no charge leakage in the experiment, this instrument should provide accurate results. Corrections to 64 Electrostatic Charging Lab

Setup 1. Connect the Charge Sensor to the 850 Interface to any Analog Input available as shown below.

2. Start PASCO Capstone in the computer, and set the “Gain Select Switch” on the Charge Sensor to 5X.

3. Set up hardware by going to the left side menu and selecting Hardware Setup. Make sure the 850 Interface is selected and add the Charge Sensor by clicking on the Add Sensor/Instrument button.

Make sure Charge Sensor is added to the proper Analog Input in the diagram.

4. Set the sample rate to 10 Hz in PASCO Capstone at the lower bottom menu.

5. Drag a graph and meter displays from the Displays menu located at the right side. Set the “y” and “x” axes by left clicking on