Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Hermine hug hellmuth play therapy

18/03/2021 Client: saad24vbs Deadline: 2 Day

The Child Therapies: Application in Work

with Abused Children

Closer than the moon, even closer than the depths of the seas, the minds of children seem to most people not only mysterious, but impenetrable. -J, ALEXIS BURLAND & THEODORE B. COHEN

Child therapy is described by Sours (1980) as "a relationship between the child and the therapist, aimed primarily at symptom resolution and attaining adaptive stability" (p. 275). Child therapy, as a separate and distinct type of work, has been evolving since 1909, when Freud first attempted psychotherapy with the now historic patient Little Hans. The term child therapy is often used interchangeably with the term play therapy although play was not used directly in the therapy of children until 1920 when Hermine Hug-Hellmuth

26

27 Applying the Child Therapies

began using play for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood emotional problems (Schaefer, 1980). Melanie Klein and Anna Freud formulated the theory and practice of psychoanalytic play therapy some 10 years later.

While most child therapists agree that play is the most effective medium for conducting therapy with children, others (Freiberg, 1965; Sandler, Kennedy, & Tyson, 1980) have raised questions as to whether play produces structural change, have pointed to the nebulous quality of play, and have dismissed it as consisting ofneither dream material nor free association. Schaeffer (1983) contends that "it is some­ what difficult for anyone interested in play and play therapy to gain a clear understanding of what is meant by the term play because no single, comprehensive definition of the term has been developed" (p. 2). However, the potential benefits of play are well documented. In his literature review Schaeffer found descriptions of play as "pleasurable," "intrinsically complete," "independent from external rewards or other people," "noninstrumental, with no goal," and "not occurring in novel or frightening situations." Schaeffer suggests that play is person- rather than object-dominated.

Schaeffer (1980) further asserts that "one of the most firmly established principles of psychology is that play is a process of development for a child" (p. 95). Play has been alternately depicted as a mechanism for developing "prob­ lem-solving and competence skills" (White, 1966); a process that allows children to "mentally digest" experiences and situations (Piaget, 1969); an "emotional laboratory" in which the child learns to cope with his/her environment (Erikson, 1963); a way that the child talks, with "toys as his words" (Ginott, 1961); and a way to deal with behaviors and concerns through "playing it out" (Erikson, 1963). Nickerson (1973) views play activities as the main therapeutic approach for children because it is a natural medium for self-expression, facilitates a child's communication, allows for a cathartic release of feelings, can be renewing and constructive, and allows the adult a window to observe the child's world. Nickerson points out that the child feels at home in a play setting, readily relates to toys, and will play out concerns

28 THE HEALING POWER OF PLAY

with them. Chethik (1989) makes an important point about the use of play as therapy: "Play in itself will not ordinarily produce changes...the therapist's interventions and utiliza­ tions of the play are critical" (p. 49). In addition, the clinician must serve as a participant-observer, rather than a playmate. I believe that play in therapy must be facilitated by an involved clinician in a meaningful way. Some of the most frequent errors made in child therapy are allowing a child to play randomly over an extended period of time, ignoring the child's play, and providing the kind of toys that do not promote self-expression.

As interest in child therapy has grown and as the num­ ber of child-specific referrals has increased, a variety of therapeutic techniques, games, and toys have also evolved. Play therapy has blossomed into a multifaceted and exciting field of study.

THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PLAY THERAPY

As mentioned earlier, Sigmund Freud in 1909 was the first to use play to uncover his client's unconscious fears and concerns. Hermine Hug-Hellmuth began using play as a part of her treatment of children in 1920 (Hug-Hellmuth, 1921) and 10 years later, Melanie Klein and Anna Freud formu­ lated the theory and practice of psychoanalytic play therapy. This type of play therapy continues to be one of the most respected forms of child therapy, usually conducted by analysts.

Psychoanalytic Play Therapy

Anna Freud and Melanie Klein wrote extensively about how they incorporated play into their psychoanalytic technique. Whereas the former advocated using play mainly to build a strong positive relationship between child and therapist, the latter proposed using it as a direct substitute for ver­

29 Applying the Child Therapies

balizations. The primary goal of their approach was "to help children work through difficulties or trauma by helping them gain insight" (Schaefer & O'Connor, 1983). Anna Freud has repeatedly pointed out that "the essential task [of therapy] is to remove the obstacles that impede [the child's] development and to allow his progressive develop­ mental forces and ego resources to complete the task of development" (Nagera, 1980, p. 22). Klein (1937) felt that an analysis of the child's transference relationship with the therapist was the main source of insight into the child's underlying conflict.

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

WRITING LAND
Chartered Accountant
Accounting Homework Help
Peter O.
University Coursework Help
Fatimah Syeda
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
WRITING LAND

ONLINE

WRITING LAND

I have read your project details. I can do this within your deadline.

$49 Chat With Writer
Chartered Accountant

ONLINE

Chartered Accountant

I will cover all the points which you have mentioned in your project details.

$39 Chat With Writer
Accounting Homework Help

ONLINE

Accounting Homework Help

Hello, I an ranked top 10 freelancers in academic and contents writing. I can write and updated your personal statement with great quality and free of plagiarism

$44 Chat With Writer
Peter O.

ONLINE

Peter O.

I am known as Unrivaled Quality, Written to Standard, providing Plagiarism-free woork, and Always on Time

$24 Chat With Writer
University Coursework Help

ONLINE

University Coursework Help

I am known as Unrivaled Quality, Written to Standard, providing Plagiarism-free woork, and Always on Time

$41 Chat With Writer
Fatimah Syeda

ONLINE

Fatimah Syeda

I have read and understood all your initial requirements, and I am very professional in this task.

$35 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

2.3 4 project your plan for fitness and good nutrition - For Essays Guru - - Mgt 18 - Module 02 Lab 02 - Powerade - Plagiarism - Nutanix xtreme computing platform - Donahue angry white men - Fairy tail chapter 253 discussion - Clipsal rcd240 30 price - Ana code of ethics provision 5 - Project scope management definition pmbok - Nursing - Makeup consultation form template - Nanda for impaired physical mobility - Ezra pound's rules of imagism - Calculate activation energy from slope - The child who was shot dead at nyanga analysis - Hailstone construct wow - Basics of information technology ppt - 1206 ledbury dr smyrna tn - Dr kawashima's devilish brain training cia - Mad catz strike 7 gaming keyboard review - Dashing through the snow piano - Creativity and innovation table mgt411 - Provides support for the cell - Zappos com developing a supply chain to deliver wow - Characteristics of information literacy - Australian motor vehicle certification board - Mid term break poem - Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting - Gjl animal feed fakenham - Deborah tannen genderlect theory - Technology project proposal example - Goldsbrough mort v quinn - What value does jetblue create for its customers - During early childhood, gender-stereotyped beliefs - Basic principles of soft switching - The last good country summary - Blobfish what do they eat - Set 5 cheat sheet - Pop test equation - Baw baw planning permits - Discussion Questions Due Tomorrow Morning - 2 beats of clonus preeclampsia - Sunbeam bill and hold - Bmi chelsfield park hospital - Panasonic kx-t7630 change extension name - Response Paper #2: Saltwater Slavery - Case study - Compute chavez company's current ratio using the above information. - Social Problems 2 Pages - Legal Issues in Business - Grandma and the elusive fifth crucifix - Discussion - Pediatric - Empirical and molecular formula worksheet answers 6 10 - Why is photosynthesis nonspontaneous - Ib hl english essay example - Template for literature review - Negotiations - Chaplet of the precious blood of jesus christ - D32 and d33 qualification - Crow's foot database notation visio 2013 - Zzi sh enter code - The life of arseniev - WEEK 8 HSA599 - Member railwayspensions co uk - Italy Tours Amalfi Coast - Fiona stanley postal address - Momentum energy smilepower flexi - Fife voluntary action jobs - How using edi facilitates electronic transactions - Three arguments for social responsibility - 4net internet puerto rico planes - Rational emotive therapy ppt - Four components of classroom management - Capella university health information management - Msc development administration and planning - Work breakdown structure cloud migration - Brimbank library trading hours - Hip hop abs torrentz2 eu - Famoso adele mi hermana - Discussion questions last bus to wisdom - The effect of caffeine on daphnia - Virtual dna fingerprinting laboratory - Only For bennetsandova other Please dont respond(in 12 hours) - HRM671 LEARNING THEORIES AND TECHNOLOGY - Family guy peter plays mw2 - To what amount will the following investments accumulate - Association of insurance surveyors - Need Solution - Https www biography com people charles dickens 9274087 - How to cite the fasb codification - Biotic factors of a rainforest - Government Assignment 1 - Industry Analysis ( Strategy Planning ) - Mayo doused batter fried grackle bugs with honey walnuts - Analysis of antacid tablets lab report - Beast of buckingham palace kmart - Yo quiero taco bell translation