RESPIRATORYMOVEMENTLEARNING OBJECTIVESAt the end of the lecture the student should be able to know:•About principles of respiratory movement•Movements involved to change diameter of thoracic cage•Movement in different phases of respiration, both under normal and stressed condition
PRINCIPLE OF THORACIC MOVEMENTS•The lungs expand passively during inspiration and retract during expiration•These movements are governed by the following two factors.–Alterations in the capacityof the thorax–Elastic recoil of the pulmonary alveoli and of the thoracic wallINSPIRATIONQUIET RESPIRATIONANTEROPOSTERIOR DIAMETER•Ribs acting as lever, fulcrum being just lateral to the tubercle•The anterior end of the rib is lower than the posterior end, therefore, during elevation of the rib, the anterior end also moves forwards•This occurs mostly in the vertebrosternal ribs•The body of the sternum also moves up and down•'Pump handle movement'.•First rib is fixed by contraction of scaleni muscles of the neck and contracting the intercostal muscles•By this means all the ribs are drawn together and raised toward the first rib