Loading...

Messages

Proposals

Stuck in your homework and missing deadline? Get urgent help in $10/Page with 24 hours deadline

Get Urgent Writing Help In Your Essays, Assignments, Homeworks, Dissertation, Thesis Or Coursework & Achieve A+ Grades.

Privacy Guaranteed - 100% Plagiarism Free Writing - Free Turnitin Report - Professional And Experienced Writers - 24/7 Online Support

Metathesis reactions lab

07/01/2021 Client: saad24vbs Deadline: 2 Day

Experiment 4 Inorganic Compounds


and Metathesis Reactions


• To characterize the physical appearance of common laboratory chemicals


• To systematically observe and express the stages of a metathesis reaction • To determine the solubilities of some salts by studying metathesis reactions


The following techniques are used in the Experimental Procedure


By now you have learned to name and write the formulas for a large number of inor-


ganic compounds. In addition you should also be familiar with balanced equations and


stoichiometry. But names, formulas, and equations have little meaning unless there is some tangible relationship to chemicals and chemical reactions. To a chemist, sulfur is


not just an element with the symbol S that reacts with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide,


but rather a yellow solid that can be held in the hand and burns in air with a blue flame,


producing a choking irritant called sulfur dioxide.


In this experiment you will “look” at some laboratory chemicals with the intent


that a mental association develops between a compound’s formula and its physical ap-


pearance. You will also conduct a number of chemical reactions, observe some of the


chemical properties of chemicals, and make conclusions on the basis of your observa-


tions.


In Part A, a number of compounds are identified by their formulas, names, physi-


cal states, colors, crystal characteristics (if a solid), and solubilities in water.


In Part B, the chemical reactions of some ionic compounds are studied in an aque-


ous solution. In these chemical reactions two ionic compounds, as reactants, are dis-


solved in solution whereby the ions are free to exchange partners to form products. A


chemical reaction (an exchange of ionic partners) is observed if a chemical change is


evident, such as the formation of a precipitate or the evolution of a gas. These chemical


reactions are called metathesis (or double displacement) reactions. To systematically interpret the progress of a metathesis reaction, a sequence of ob-


servations and equation writing steps are followed. Using the salts silver nitrate and sodium chloride as reactants, these steps are as follows:


1. Define the Reactants. Write the formulas of the reactants.


AgNO3 )1.4(lCaN


Experiment 4 81


Metathesis reaction: the interchange of ions between two compounds involved in a reaction


Objectives


Drops of a potassium hydroxide solution added to an iron(III) chloride solution produces insoluble iron(III) hydroxide.


Techniques


Introduction


2 4 7a 7b 17a 17b


Stoichiometry: a study of a chemical reaction using a balanced equation


Salt: an ionic compound


82 Inorganic Compounds and Metathesis Reactions


Figure 4.1 The progression of a reaction between solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chloride.


2. Determine the Products and Write the Molecular Equation. The formulas of the products are written by exchanging the cations with the anions of the reactants.


A balanced molecular equation for the proposed metathesis reaction is


AgNO3 NaCl l AgCl NaNO3 (4.2)


It is this molecular equation that is studied in detail in the laboratory—what is the


nature of each of these substances in aqueous solution?


3. Formulas of Reactants in Solution. The physical states of the reactants in so- lution before mixing are observed; for example, are the salts soluble or insoluble?


What is their actual appearance? The formulas of the salts are written accordingly, ei-


ther as separated hydrated ions or as a solid.


Both silver nitrate and sodium chloride are soluble salts (Figure 4.1a). The cations


and anions of the two salts move about the aqueous solution as separate hydrated


species; each is written as (aq).


Ag (aq) NO3 (aq) Na (aq) Cl (aq) l (4.3)


4. Evidence of Reaction. On combination of the ions from the two aqueous solu- tions into a single system, an observation determines whether or not a reaction has oc-


curred between the ions. A chemical reaction is observed when


• a precipitate forms


• a gas is evolved


• heat is evolved or absorbed


• a color change occurs


• a change in acidity (or basicity) occurs


• light is emitted


In this system, the formation of the white precipitate of silver chloride is observed


(Figure 4.1b).


5. Formulas of Products in Solution. The formulas of the products are then written as they appear in the aqueous solution after the mixing (Figure 4.1c). A pre-


cipitate is written as (s), and an ion remaining in solution is written as (aq).


l AgCl(s) Na (aq) NO3 (aq) (4.4)


6. Ionic Equation. The reactants (from Step 3) and the products (from Step 5) are combined to form a balanced ionic equation that represents each species as it actually exists in the aqueous solution.


Ag (aq) NO3 (aq) Na (aq) Cl (aq) l


AgCl(s) Na (aq) NO3 (aq) (4.5)


7. Net Ionic Equation. A final equation, called the net ionic equation, includes only those ions responsible for the observed reaction. The ions present, but not involved


in the observed reaction, are considered spectator ions and do not appear in a net ionic equation. The sodium and nitrate ions are not involved in any observable reaction.


Ag (aq) Cl (aq) l AgCl(s) (4.6)


Similar molecular equations, ionic equations, and net ionic equations are written


for a number of chemical systems in Part B of this experiment.


Procedure Overview: An array of laboratory chemicals are observed and de- scribed. Eleven metathesis reactions are observed, and appropriate formulas and


equations are systematically written to express the nature of each species in solu-


tion.


A broad selection of chemical compounds in test tubes or laboratory dishes (Figure


4.2) are located on the display table. Describe the color and crystal characteristics (if a solid) of each chemical; also predict the water solubility1 of each chemical. Use


the Report Sheet as a format for reporting your observations and predictions.


Attempt to group some of the compounds on the basis of color, crystal characteris-


tics, and/or solubility.


This experiment requires either a set of 12 clean, small test tubes or a 24-well plate.


Consult with your instructor. If you use test tubes, label them in accordance with the


well numbers in Table 4.1.


1. Test Solutions. Set up the test tubes (Figure 4.3) or the 24-well plate (Figure 4.4) with the reactant solutions or preparations listed in Table 4.1. Volumes of


solutions only need to be approximate.2 Your instructor may substitute, add, or


delete chemicals from the table.


2. Systematic Procedure for Studying Reactions. Pairs of reactant solutions are combined according to Figure 4.4. Record your stepwise analysis of each reac-


tion on the Report Sheet using the steps outlined in the Introduction. Be sure to


look for any evidence of a chemical change occurring.


Experiment 4 83


Spectator ions: ions that do not participate in an observable/detectable reaction


Experimental


Procedure


A. Identification


Figure 4.2 A view of the nature of substances.


1The predicted solubility is based on the rules in Appendix G. 2The volume of a small (75-mm) test tube is about 3 mL; the volume of each well is about 3.4 mL. 3Universal indicator is a mixture of acid–base indicators that gradually changes color, depending on the acidity of the solution.


B. Systematic Study of Metathesis Reactions


Crystal characteristics: shape (powder, granular, etc.), brightness, and wet or dry status


Table 4.1 An Organization of the Reactants for a Series of Metathesis Reactions


Test Tube No. or Well No. Reactant Solution or Preparation


OCaCfoslatsyrclareveS1A 3 0.3foLm22A M HCl and several drops of universal indicator3


0.3foLm23A M NaOH


lCeFfoslatsyrclareveS4A 3•6H2O in 2 mL of water or 2 mL of 0.1 M FeCl3 lCoCfoslatsyrclareveS5A 2•6H2O in 2 mL of water or 2 mL of 0.1 M CoCl2 ONgAfoslatsyrclareveS6A 3 in 2 mL of water or 2 mL of 0.1 M AgNO3


HNfoslatsyrclareveS3B 4Cl


aNfoslatsyrclareveS6B 2CO3 in 2 mL of water or 2 mL of 0.1 M Na2CO3 lCiNfoslatsyrclareveS4C 2•6H2O in 2 mL of water or 2 mL of 0.1 M NiCl2


aNfoslatsyrclareveS5C 3PO4•12H2O in 2 mL of water or 2 mL of 0.1 M Na3PO4 OSuCfoslatsyrclareveS6C 4•5H2O in 2 mL of water or 2 mL of 0.1 M CuSO4 lCaBfoslatsyrclareveS6D 2•2H2O in 2 mL of water or 2 mL of 0.1 M BaCl2


2


7a 7b


Use clean dropping pipets or Beral pipets to slowly make the following solu-


tion transfers:


a. Transfer approximately one-half of solution A2 to A1 in (test tube/well) A1.


b. Transfer one-third of solution A3 to the remainder of solution A2 in (test


tube/well) A2.


c. Transfer one-third of solution A3 to B3 in (test tube/well) B3. (Warm the test


tube in your hand or the bottom of the well with your finger and smell cau-


tiously. Test the fumes with wet, red litmus.)


d. Transfer one-half of solution A4 to the remainder of solution A3 in (test


tube/well) A3.


e. Transfer one-half of solution A5 to the remainder of solution A4 in (test


tube/well) A4.


f. Transfer one-half of solution A6 to the remainder of solution A5 in (test


tube/well) A5.


g. Transfer one-half of solution B6 to the remainder of solution A6 in (test


tube/well) A6.


h. Transfer one-third of solution C6 to the remainder of solution B6 in (test


tube/well) B6.


i. Transfer one-third of solution C6 to solution D6 in (test tube/well) D6.


j. Transfer one-half of solution C5 to the remainder of solution C6 in (test


tube/well) C6.


k. Transfer one-half of solution C4 to the remainder of solution C5 in (test


tube/well) C5.


3. Unknown Salt. To obtain an unknown salt, submit a clean, small test tube to your laboratory instructor. Using your acquired knowledge from Part B.2, identify the


cation and anion of the unknown.


CLEANUP: Rinse the test tubes or well plate with tap water twice and with deion- ized water twice. Discard each rinse in the sink, followed by a generous amount of tap


water.


84 Inorganic Compounds and Metathesis Reactions


A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 B3 B6 C4 C5 C6 D6


1 2 3 4 5 6


A


B


C


D


CaCO3 HCl NaOH FeCl3 CoCl2 AgNO3


Na2CO3


CuSO4


BaCl2


NH4Cl


NiCl2 Na3PO4


Figure 4.3 The arrangement of 12 small, labeled test tubes for test solutions.


Figure 4.4 The arrangement of the test solutions in a 24-well plate.


17a 17b


Disposal: Dispose of the waste solutions, as identified by your instructor, in the “Waste Liquids” container.


2


4


Experiment 4 85


Date __________ Lab Sec. ______ Name ____________________________________________ Desk No. __________


1. a. Copper(II) sulfate dissolves in water to form a blue solution. What species are present in solution, i.e., what is actu-


ally swimming around in solution? Write the formulas.


b. Sodium carbonate dissolves in water to form a colorless solution. What species are present in solution? Write the


formulas.


c. When solutions of copper(II) sulfate and sodium carbonate are mixed, blue copper(II) carbonate precipitates. What


species remain in solution? (These are the spectator ions.) What is the color of the solution? [Assume that


stoichiometric amounts of copper(II) sulfate and sodium carbonate are mixed.] Write the formulas.


2. a. An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is labeled 0.010 M NaOH. What are the molar concentrations of NaOH,


Na , and OH in the aqueous solution? Explain.


b. An aqueous solution of calcium chloride is labeled 0.010 M CaCl2. What are the molar concentrations of CaCl2,


Ca2 , and Cl in the aqueous solution? Explain.


Experiment 4Prelaboratory Assignment


Inorganic Compounds and


Metathesis Reactions


3. Sodium phosphate dodecahydrate, Na3PO4•12H2O, is a crystalline salt that is water soluble. Describe what is present


in an aqueous solution of sodium phosphate dodecahydrate.


4. When aqueous solutions of ferrous sulfate and barium chloride are mixed, a white precipitate forms. With time the


aqueous solution turns a red-orange color.


*a. Refer to Appendix G. What is the white precipitate? Write the formula.


*b. Write a balanced equation using only those ions that are involved in the formation of the white precipitate (this is


a net ionic equation).


*c. Explain why the aqueous solution turns a red-orange color with time.


5. Write molecular equations for each of the following metathesis reactions:


a. AgNO3(aq) ZnI2(aq) l


b. CuSO4(aq) K3PO4(aq) l


c. K2CO3(aq) CaCl2(aq) l


d. Na2SO3(aq) HCl(aq) l


e. Ni(NO3)2(aq) K2C2O4(aq) l


6. List five observations, appealing to your senses, that indicate a chemical reaction has occurred. In each case, identify


an example where you have experienced that observation.


elpmaxEnoitavresbO


a.


b.


c.


d.


e.


86 Inorganic Compounds and Metathesis Reactions


Experiment 4 87


Date __________Lab Sec. _______Name_____________________________________________Desk No. ___________


A. Identification


On a separate sheet of paper, construct a table with the headings shown below. Fill in the table as described in the Experi-


mental Procedure. Submit this data sheet along with your Report Sheet.


niytilibuloSdetciderPetatSlacisyhP


Formula Name (g, l, s) Color Characteristics Water (Appendix G)


Ex. NaCl Sodium chloride Solid White Small, shiny, dry Soluble


1 ____ _________________________ ______________ _______ ______________ __________________


2 ____ _________________________ ______________ _______ ______________ __________________


3 ____ _________________________ ______________ _______ ______________ __________________


B. Metathesis Reactions (Double-Displacement Reactions)


Use the seven steps presented in the Introduction as a guide to writing formulas and equations as you observe the stages of


a chemical reaction.

Homework is Completed By:

Writer Writer Name Amount Client Comments & Rating
Instant Homework Helper

ONLINE

Instant Homework Helper

$36

She helped me in last minute in a very reasonable price. She is a lifesaver, I got A+ grade in my homework, I will surely hire her again for my next assignments, Thumbs Up!

Order & Get This Solution Within 3 Hours in $25/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 3 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 6 Hours in $20/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 6 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

Order & Get This Solution Within 12 Hours in $15/Page

Custom Original Solution And Get A+ Grades

  • 100% Plagiarism Free
  • Proper APA/MLA/Harvard Referencing
  • Delivery in 12 Hours After Placing Order
  • Free Turnitin Report
  • Unlimited Revisions
  • Privacy Guaranteed

6 writers have sent their proposals to do this homework:

University Coursework Help
Helping Hand
Top Essay Tutor
Writer Writer Name Offer Chat
University Coursework Help

ONLINE

University Coursework Help

Hi dear, I am ready to do your homework in a reasonable price.

$102 Chat With Writer
Helping Hand

ONLINE

Helping Hand

I am an Academic writer with 10 years of experience. As an Academic writer, my aim is to generate unique content without Plagiarism as per the client’s requirements.

$100 Chat With Writer
Top Essay Tutor

ONLINE

Top Essay Tutor

I have more than 12 years of experience in managing online classes, exams, and quizzes on different websites like; Connect, McGraw-Hill, and Blackboard. I always provide a guarantee to my clients for their grades.

$105 Chat With Writer

Let our expert academic writers to help you in achieving a+ grades in your homework, assignment, quiz or exam.

Similar Homework Questions

Synapse birmingham call centre - Paper-5 - Riyadh cable ampere rating - Morehead cain scholarship essays - Essentialfunctions xlsx at www seletraining com - Being an outsider essay - Is 660 introduction to public private partnerships quizlet - 5 stay interview questions - Internet of things chapter 1 quiz - Silver dale medical centre - Health insurance database schema - Gumtree perth unwanted gifts - Investor supplied operating capital - Plastic modulus of i beam - Nursing Care Plan - Reflective writing: VARK learning style - Qnt 275 week 1 practice set answers - Australian computer society code of conduct - Example of a precipitation reaction - Paid leave - Aro terms and conditions - Accounting - Dr scholls men's dave slip resistant wide width casual shoe - Have smartphones destroyed a generation analysis - Action research vs traditional research - Cyber Law - Discussion 3 - Ati capstone maternal newborn assessment - Street v queensland bar association - Orphan tsunami of 1700 - Poetic devices in fire and ice - Is a neon crow worth a giraffe - Cyber Security - How to start html using notepad - Essay question - Coaching & Mentoring Analysis - MARKETING MANAGEMENT - DISCUSSION 8 - The 6 x 12 in timber beam has been strengthened - Greece uncovered katie and terri - The kite runner themes - What is text dependent analysis - Cmit 495 cloud computing assignment - Mmol l to mg l water hardness - Actors in romeo and juliet - Liverpool john moores open day - Qc makeup academy australia - How many valence electrons does gold au have - Colonial mutual life assurance society limited unclaimed monies - The market for pizza has the following demand and supply - I just need 2 pages proofreading - Sehnsucht poem in english - Reflection about business ethics - Trane trace 700 download - All java programming statements must end with a period - Murdoch exam timetable 2021 - Expressive skills vce drama - Post-mortem - The mask you live in questions - Plasterboard access panel screwfix - +971561686603 Abortion pills in Dubai/Abu Dhabi-mifepristone & misoprostol in DUBAI - Gap analysis in service marketing ppt - Bump of chicken lotte song - Calcium carbonate and nitric acid balanced equation - Economics Article Review - Egg experiments with salt water and water - Disadvantages of composite materials - Can you mortgage a house in monopoly - Bosch hot water 10p - Walmart in china case study - The other side is not dumb - Armstrong axiom drywall trim - 13 warren avenue paradise - English Comp 2 - A salesperson receives a commission on sales - El escorial birthday cake tomb - Epos k1 speaker review - Solar Energy Commercialization - Business Research Methodology - Film noir one liners - Midterm - How to separate sand and pebbles - Qualitative and a quantitative clinical question - Neither black nor white ancheta - Bbc weather lough erne - Value proposition in the hotel industry - Psychology Writing Assignment - Yaesu cross band repeat - Discussion: Military Personnel and Suicide-wk4-Dis6411 - Edie quotes on the waterfront - Fifo and lifo costs under perpetual inventory system - The first philosophers the presocratics and sophists pdf - 6 hours ! - Modeling and role modeling theory - Leccion 5 contextos activities answers - How to calculate pv ratio in accounting - I will forever remain faithful david ramsey analysis - Barren field frozen with snow - When the weather reflects the mood - Freud erikson piaget kohlberg chart - Sneeze sound crossword clue - Colonial adventure tours sql