Pros and cons of college athletes getting paid

Should College Athletes Get Paid For Playing Sports

If you have ever asked a question, wondered why something is as it is, or tried to understand an event, you have engaged in research. For this assignment, you will create the first part of your research paper. You should use the headings below for the sections of your paper.

For this assignment, you will craft the framework of your research using the articles you collected and summarized from Assignment 1 and / or other articles you found that relate to your research topic. Assignments 2, 3, and 4 will all build on each other to create one comprehensive research paper. Each time you submit an assignment, your instructor will provide feedback that you can use moving forward with the other parts of the research paper.

Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:

Describe the:
Introduction to your topic.
Purpose of your research.
Problem statement.
Summarize the literature you collected related to your topic.
Identify the:
Gap(s) in the literature.
Research question or hypotheses of your topic.
Proposed theory for your research.
Include at least six (6) peer-reviewed quantitative or qualitative articles related to your topic.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

Identify a research topic and describe why it can and should be studied.
Determine the appropriateness of peer-reviewed literature to support research topics.
Use technology and information resources to research issues related to educational research methods.
Use quantitative and / or qualitative approaches to create research topics.
Analyze research methodologies that support specific research topics.
Evaluate components of a research proposal.
Write clearly and concisely about educational research methods using proper writing mechanics.
Determine the appropriate research procedures when designing a qualitative study.
Determine the appropriate research procedures when designing a quantitative study.

ARTICLE SUMMARIES 7

College Students Should be Paid for Playing Sports While Attending School

Cheanel Nolden

Instructor: Jewell Winn

January 21, 2018

Article Summaries: College Students Should be paid for Playing Sports While Attending School

Article One: Point/ Counterpoint: Paying College Athletes

In an article titled Point/Counterpoint: Paying College Athletes, Johnson and Acquaviva (2012) explore the benefits and limitations of paying students to participate in sports activities. The purpose of the study was to investigate the potential implications or consequences of paying college athletes on college administrators, athletes, and coaches. The research problem in this study is the current trend of not paying college students at a time when the United States and other developed economies are operating in a purely capitalistic or professional atmosphere. The problem that confronts the researchers is the idea that the NCAA is still endorsing an amateurish strategy in college athletes that are based on competing or contradictory values. One of the gaps in research identified by the scholars is there still exists a dearth in literature on the effects of not paying student athletes on their attitudes and perception of sports. In this respect, Johnson and Acquaviva (2012) hypothesize that lack of payment programs have resulted in college students questioning the status quo of the current systems through their words and actions. For instance, the authors state that many athletes are still trying to get their piece of pie, albeit under the table.

While the study lacked a conceptual framework, the writers theorize that college athletic scholarship is an equal squid pro quo for a college education. This idea has been utilized ever since athletic scholarships were introduced and approved by NCAA. Therefore, Johnson and Acquaviva (2012) assert that college graduates can in fact make much more money over a lifetime in comparison with non-graduates. Still, they question the idea that full athletic scholarships offer full education. This is because it does not cater for all the costs related to graduation. In most situations, universities fail to live up to its end of bargain of offering an education, as evidenced by the dismal number of graduation rates. In view of this interview study, the researchers find that athletic scholarships do not provide free education. In addition, the researchers revealed that not paying students for participating in sports can be likened to the plantation system of the old south.

Article Two: The Costs of the Pay-to-Play Model in High School Athletics

In this scholarly article, Bucy (2013) carries out a cost-benefit analysis of paying students who take part in sports. According to Bucy (2013), the significance of getting a college education has never been higher, yet the accessibility of college studies continues to diminish. At the same time, tuition fees seem to increase every year as interest rates for student loans skyrocket. Thus, the purpose of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of the pay-to-play model to avert the tightening school budgets. This is because top colleges are constantly in search of diverse and flexible freshmen classes. As a result, minority and low-income students who do not participate in such initiatives are at an unjustifiable disadvantage when it comes to the application for college. The research problem focuses on the fact that the Constitution is silent on education. Congress offers partial funding for public education. The ability to federally fund education is drawn from the general welfare clause of the Constitution. The Constitution does not specifically mention education but leaves the role of educating to states, thereby reducing the role that the federal government can play with respect to education. The gap that the researcher identifies in literature is the lack of availability of studies that investigate the weakness of the pay-to-play model in supporting disadvantaged communities. The researcher hypothesizes that pay-to-play programs have disparate effects on racial minorities and low-income families.

The conceptual framework is based on the idea that considering the significance of college education, and the fact that extracurricular activities are important to crafting a well-rounded college application, extracurricular activities must be incorporated into education programs. The study found that pay-to-play model disparately affected low income families and minorities. According to Bucy (2013), the United States has grappled with education equality since states began to offer free public education. Most of these struggles related to education have revolved around disparities that are based on socio-economic class and race. Therefore, pay-to-play is not effective since most of the benefits identified are mainly extended to whites, middle class and affluent Americans.

Article Three: Division III Student-Athletes Perceptions of Pay for Play

The purpose of this scholarly work is to investigate the perception of students towards pay for play. According to Maloney (2013), since the establishment of NCAA, the issue of academic corruption in intercollegiate athletics has been of significant concern and empirical inquiry. There are numerous problems that face the education sector today such as denial of payment of Division I football players, and the exploitation of student athletes in academics. Another research problem is the existing differences in treatment between student athletes and student academically. While this may not always be common in some institutions, all earlier research has revealed that the values and missions of the NCAA appears to be misaligned with what they are essentially supposed to promote. The identified research gap is the shortage in literature on what the reforms that NCAA should undergo, particularly in areas such as commercialization and exploitation of student-athletes in big time Division I programs. The research question of the study is: does the NCAA effectively align itself with missions and values that they have established? Most significantly, the study reveals that the values and missions of the NCAA presently are not in line with what is actually taking place in intercollegiate athletics.

According to Maloney (2013), the problem of academic in intercollegiate athletics has been of significant concern and empirical inquiry for more than a century. There are many negative issues that have affected college sports regularly, which are currently taking the form of academic fraud, cheating in the recruitment of athletes, and false sense of entitlements. Colleges also suffer from illegal inducements form schools and boosters. For instance, in a rowing match between Harvard and Yale, in which Harvard’s crew received payments to participate, these illegalities were identified. For instance, Yale complained that Harvard used students who had allegedly already graduated but their request was denied, and Harvard won the match. This has resulted in a ‘win-at-all-cost’ attitude in athletics.

Article Four: Should College Student Athletes be Paid?

In this article, Mitchell and Edelman (2013) explore the pros and cons of paying college students who participate in sports. The objective of the authors is to gather and compile differencing views on whether or not college students who participate in sports should be paid. While the study lacked a theoretical framework, the researchers hypothesize that allowing colleges to pay their student-athletes improves economic efficiency. The main problem that the writers seek to address is the idea that NCAA is defending its no-pay policy on various dubious grounds. For instance, it asserts that compensating student athletes is most likely to destroy competitive balance in college sports. However, the writers still agree that most student athletes are amateurs who decide to take part in intercollegiate athletics as part of their educational experiences. Consequently, the need to maintain distinction between student athletes and professional athletes who are students is hard.

References

Bucy, M. (2013). The Costs of the Pay-to-Play Model in High School Athletics. U. Md. LJ Race,

Religion, Gender & Class, 13, 278.

Mitchell, H., & Edelman, M. (2013). Should College Student-Athletes Be Paid? U.S. News

Digital Weekly, 5(52), 17.

Johnson, D. A., & Acquaviva, J. (2012). Point/counterpoint: Paying college athletes. The Sport

Journal, 15(1).

https://search.proquest.com/docview/1744652799?accountid=45049

Maloney, D. P. (2013). Division III Student-Athletes Perceptions of Pay for Play. Fisher Digital

Sports Management, Paper 7.