Sci103 phase 4 lab report

SCI103 Unit 4 Lab Tutorial: https://youtu.be/EJpiqMZ90lc

Name:

Date:

Instructor’s Name:

Assignment: SCI103 Unit 4 Lab Report

Title: Soil Infiltration and Runoff

Instructions: Enter the Virtual Lab and gather the information needed to complete the report. Please type your answers directly into this worksheet. When your lab report is complete, submit it to the Submitted Assignments area of the Virtual Classroom.

Part I: Virtual Field Research

Please view instructional video (in assignment description)

Section 1: Gather the following information from field research while in the virtual lab environment. Notice that each site you visit has a distinctly different surface, which could affect runoff.

Table 1 Hint:

You know that the total percent will be 100%. Therefore, you will add what water is already accounted for and then find the difference.

Example for Vegetation: 25% (Shallow infiltration) + 25% (Deep infiltration) + 10% (runoff) = 60% of water that’s accounted for. To find the evaporation which occurred you would take the original total 100% - 60% = 40% water evaporation.

One Inch of Rainfall

Shallow water infiltration

Deep water infiltration

Runoff water

Evaporation water

Vegetation

Mountain

Bare soil

Section 2: One inch of rainfall deposits 144 cubic inches (0.623 gallons) of water per square foot of surface area. Use the following formula to calculate the amount of water after one inch of rainfall (in gallons) for each section:

(0.623) x (square feet of surface area) x (% from lab demo*) = gallons of water

*Remember 40% is written as “0.40” in an equation.

Table 2 Hint:

One inch of rainfall deposits 144 cubic inches (0.623 gallons) of water per square foot of surface area. In this lab, all research sites are 100 square feet in area.

Use the following formula to calculate the amount of water after one inch of rainfall (in gallons) for each section:

(0.623) x (square feet of surface area) x (% from lab demo*) = gallons of water

*Remember 40% is written as “0.40” in an equation because you must convert from percent to a decimal number.

Example: if 40 % of water at one of the sites ends up as runoff, how many gallons of water end up as runoff?

0.623 x (surface area) x (% from lab demo*) = gallons of water 0.623 X 100 sq. ft. X 0.40 = 24.92 gallons

One Inch of Rainfall

Shallow water infiltration

Deep water infiltration

Runoff water

Evaporation water

Vegetation

Mountain

Bare soil

Part II: For the following questions, provide your response in short-answer format (3–5 sentences each). Use this Phase’s activities and resources to assist you in answering.

· View instructional video (in assignment description)

· Review learning materials (Environmental Science and Soil- MUSE- first item)

· Review Unit 4 Intellipath materials.

· Please use grading criteria as a checklist

1. How does the vegetation surface type affect the amount of runoff? Speculate why this happens.

In Vegetation surface type, the runoff is _______________ because _________________________________________________

Data from Part I also show that _________________________________________

(Mention, discuss and compare the values)

2. How does the smooth mountain rock surface type affect the amount of runoff? Speculate why this happens.

In smooth mountain rock surface type, the amount of run off is _______________ because _________________________________________________

Data from Part I also show that _________________________________________

(Mention, discuss and compare the values)

3. How does the bare soil surface type affect the amount of runoff? Speculate why this happens.

In bare soil surface type, the amount of run off is _______________ because _________________________________________________

Data from Part I also show that _________________________________________

(Mention, discuss and compare the values)

4. How does vegetation slow and prevent sediment loss?

5. How does vegetation allow greater infiltration?

6. How does pavement or smooth rock runoff affect waterways?

7. How do heavy sediment deposits affect waterways?

8. How does sediment loss affect land and soil quality?