Select characteristics exhibited by exotoxins but not exhibited by endotoxins

4 Select the correct statements about linezolid and synercid.

Synercid and linezolid are two of the newer antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.

Synercid and linezolid are used to treat some of the very resistant gram-positive bacteria.

Synercid and linezolid are relatively toxic to the kidneys.

Synercid inhibits initiation of protein synthesis while linezolid inhibits the action of the 50S ribosome and translation

Synercid and linezolid are effective antitubercular antibiotics.

5 Select the statements that accurately reflect drugs targeting the cell membrane:

they exhibit a low degree of selective toxicity

all are completely safe for routine use in patients

they are lipid-like in structure enhancing their ability to affect cell membranes

polymyxin and daptomycin are examples of cell membrane-targeting drugs

resistance to these drugs is rising due to NDM enzyme production

18 Select characteristics exhibited by exotoxins, but not exhibited by endotoxins.

Composed of lipopolysaccharide

Require very small doses to cause toxic effects

Secreted from a living cell

Heat-stable

Have very specific targets

Fever-inducing

20 An infectious agent cannot be transmitted from a patient during the convalescent period.

True

False

22 Select those circumstances in which Koch’s postulates cannot be readily applied or would be inappropriate to establish the cause of a disease.

The suspected pathogen infects animals but not humans.

The suspected pathogen cannot be cultured in the laboratory.

There is not a suitable experimental host for the suspected pathogen.

The suspected pathogen produces disease both in humans and a suitable test animal.

The disease is polymicrobial, caused by more than one pathogen.

29 Select the components that comprise the host first line defense mechanisms:

physical barriers

complement

chemical barriers

inflammation

genetic barriers

30 Innate, physical barriers of host defenses:

include the skin.

include the mucous membranes.

all contain keratin which makes the barriers highly impervious.

are part of the second line of host defenses.

are all covered with mucus that adds another layer of protection.