Statistical studies analyzing data activity sheet 7 using technology

University of Maryland University College HMGT 400 7980 Research and Data Analysis in Health- FINAL EXAM Dataset: HMGTFINALEXAM.csv (Please download dataset from the class. Required program: RStudio or R Programming. Author, Hossein Zare, PhD Citation: Zare, H. (2017). HMGT 400 Research and Data Analysis in Health Care. FINAL EXAM. UMUC.EDU Question 1 (25 credits): The attached dataset, provides some information about hospitals in 2011 and 2012, download the data and then complete the descriptive table. Please use the following questions. A) In term of hospital characters what are the significant difference between 2011 and 2012? B) In term of socio-economic variables what are the significant difference between 2011 and 2012? To report the “Per Capita Hospital Beds to Population”, you need to divide “total_hospital_beds/ tot_population) C) Based on your findings in which years hospitals had better performance? How hospital performance related to hospital characteristics and socio-economic characteristics? Please write at least three main different movements between 2011 and 2012. Table 1. Descriptive statistics between hospitals in 2011 & 2012 N 2011 Mean St. Dev N 2012 Mean St. Dev p-value Hospital Characteristics 1. Hospital beds 2. Number of paid Employee 3. Number of non-paid Employee 4. Internes and Residents 5. System Membership 6. Total hospital cost 7. Total hospital revenues 8. Hospital net benefit 9. Available Medicare days 10. Available Medicaid days 11. Total Hospital Discharge 12. Medicare discharge 13. Medicaid discharge Soci-Economic Variables 14. Per Capita Hospital Beds to Population 15. Percent of population under poverty 16. Percent of Female population under poverty 17. Percent of Male population under poverty 18. Median Household Income HMGT 400 7980 Research and Data Analysis in Health—FINAL EXAM, 1 (Note: You can use week 1 exercise’s codes to answer this question, but you need to modify that for this analysis) Question 2 (25 credits): Use the dataset from week1 exercise and then answer the following questions: 1) Compare the following information between for-profit and non-for-profit hospitals. 2) What are the main significant differences between for-profit and non-for-profit hospitals? Which test is the best fit test? Why? 3) Use a box-plot and compare Hospital net benefit between for-profit and non-for-profit hospitals. 4) Show another scatter plot and compare hospital cost (x-axes) and revenue (y-axes) and discuss your findings? 5) Comparing hospital net-benefit which hospitals has better performance? To answer this question first compute the hospital net benefits with subtracting hospital costs and revenues and then use ttest to compare the significant differences between teaching and non-teaching hospitals. 6) Overall, what are the main significant differences between for-profit and non-for-profit hospitals? Table 2. Descriptive statistics between teaching and non-teaching hospitals, 2011 & 2012 N For Profit Mean St. Dev N Non-For-Profit Mean St. Dev p-value Hospital Characteristics 1. Hospital beds 2. Number of paid Employee 3. Number of non-paid Employee 4. Internes and Residents 5. System Membership 6. Total hospital cost 7. Total hospital revenues 8. Hospital net benefit 9. Available Medicare days 10. Available Medicaid days 11. Total Hospital Discharge 12. Medicare discharge 13. Medicaid discharge Soci-Economic Variables 14. Per Capita Hospital Beds to Population 15. Percent of population under poverty 16. Percent of Female population under poverty 17. Percent of Male population under poverty 18. Median Household Income (Note: You can use week 2 exercise’s codes for this analysis, you need to modify that for this analysis). HMGT 400 7980 Research and Data Analysis in Health—FINAL EXAM, 2 Question 3 (25 credits): The dataset provides Herfindahl–Hirschman Index for health insurance market, please use the herf_ins variable and answer the following questions: For this exercise you do not need to compute the HHI, but if you have any questions, please do not hesitate to ask me, but try to learn more about this you will need that to report your findings. Please remember for the class exercise you used the herf_cat as a hospital herfindahl index for this question make sure to use herf_ins as herfindahl index for insurance market. Use the dataset from week1 exercise and then answer the following questions: 1) In a short paragraph explain the herfindahl index you can use the reference provided in the class exercise or any other citation. 2) Compare the following information between hospitals located in high, moderate and low competitive health insurance markets? o What are the main significant differences between hospitals in different markets? (use Anova test) o What is the impact of being in high-competitive health insurance market on hospital revenues and cost? o Do you think being in high-competitive market has positive impact on net hospital benefits? o What about the number of Medicare and Medicaid discharge? Do you think hospitals in higher completive market more likely to accept more Medicare and Medicaid patients? o What are the impact of other variables? (Note: to answer to the last question, please compute the ratio-Medicare-discharge and ratio-Medicaiddischarge first and then run 2 ttest) high vs. moderate and high vs. low competitive market), please support your findings with box-plot). 3) Run a regression model use the benefit as a dependent variable and hospital beds, herf_index, Medicare and Medicaid discharges, system membership, and number of interns and residents as independent variables and discuss your findings. Table 3. Comparing hospital characteristics and market, 2011 and 2012 Hospital Characteristics 1. Hospital beds 2. Number of paid Employee 3. Number of non-paid Employee 4. Internes and Residents 5. System Membership High Competitive Market N Mean STD Moderate Competitive Market N Mean STD Low Competitive Market N Mean STD ANOVA /Chi-Sq (results) 6. Total hospital cost 7. Total hospital revenues 8. Hospital net benefit 9. Available Medicare days 10. Available Medicaid days 11. Total Hospital Discharge 12. Medicare discharge-ratio 13. Medicaid discharge-ratio Soci-Economic Variables HMGT 400 7980 Research and Data Analysis in Health—FINAL EXAM, 3 14. Per Capita Hospital Beds to Population 15. Median Household Income (Note: You can use week 3 exercise’s codes for this analysis, you need to modify that for this analysis). Question 4 (25 credits):