Statistics for the life sciences 5th edition answers

Research methods quiz 1 You'll have one week to complete. Use your own words and cite your sources. Respond to 15 of the 21 questions below in your own words and note the page number(s) from which you have drawn your answers. 1. What is the scientific methods, and how does it guide research? 2. Describe in detail the basic characteristics of scientific inquiry. 3. Describe the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of descriptive, correlational, and experimental research designs. 4. Turn each of the following statements into a research hypothesis and indicate whether the hypothesis is falsifiable: a. God answers our prayers. b. Birds of a feather flock together. c. You can’t teach an old dog new tricks. d. Elderly individuals don’t remember things well. e. Practice makes perfect. f. Single-parent families produce delinquent children. g. Aggression is increasing in our society. 5. What guidelines do scientists use to conduct an effective literature search? 6. Explain the concept of limiting conditions in research. Give one example. 7. Explain the difference between primary and secondary sources. Give an example for each. 8. Define theory in your own words. 9. What is the role of an Institutional Review board and why is it important? 10. Paraphrase each Characteristics of an Ethical Research Project Using Human Participants in your own words. 11. What is a postexperimental interview and why is it necessary? 12. What is the relationship between nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales and the conceptual variables they are designed to assess. 13. What's the difference between reactive and nonreactive, direct and indirect measures? What are the advantages and limitations of each? 14. Describe the various kinds of Self-Report Measures and the limitations of each. 15. Reproduce TABLE 4.1 Operational Definitions on page 68 using your own 10 examples. 16. What is the relationship between reliability and validity? 17. Compare the assessment of face, content, and construct validity. Which of the three approaches is most objective, and why? Is it possible to have a measure that is construct valid but not face valid? 18. Describe three threats to reliability and how researchers can avoid them. 19. Describe three threats to validity and how researchers can avoid them. 20. Contrast Random and Systematic Error and identify potential sources. Research Methods Quiz 2 Select 10 of the following essay questions. Address each question in your own words, define all key terms and cite relevant page numbers. • Describe the procedures that scientists use to test their research hypotheses. Be sure to consider the following terms: null hypothesis, research hypothesis, alpha, beta, Type 1 errors, and Type 2 errors. • Explain the logic of one-sided and two-sided significance tests and the scientific advantage of using one or the other. • Why does reducing the likelihood of making a Type 1 error increase the likelihood of making a Type 2 error? • What is meant by the power of a statistical test, and what can scientists do to increase power? • Interpret the following equation: statistical significance = effect size x sample size. • Consider the cases under which a scientist might decide to use a survey research design. What could the scientist learn from this approach, and what would he or she not be able to learn? • When and why surveys are used in behavioral research. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using questionnaires, rather than interviews, in survey research? What statistical procedures are used to report and display data from surveys? • Define probability sampling, and indicate how three types of probability samples differ. What is the advantage of using probability sampling? • Describe the descriptive statistics that are most frequently used to analyze quantitative and nominal variables from a survey. What techniques are used to graphically display such data? • What is sampling bias? When is it likely to occur, and how does it undermine the ability to draw accurate conclusions from surveys? • Describe the goals and techniques of naturalistic research. What are its advantages and disadvantages over other research methods? • Discuss the advantages of approaches of observing versus participating, and of being acknowledged versus unacknowledged in naturalistic observation. • Define ecological validity, and indicate why it is important in research. What types of research designs are most likely to have it? • Define systematic observation. What makes systematic observation different from other types of observational research? • What are archival research and case study methods and when are they likely to be used? ...