What is the major difference between zenmap and openvas

26 | Lab #1 Performing Reconnaissance and Probing Using Common Tools

Lab #1 – Assessment Worksheet

Performing Reconnaissance and Probing Using Common Tools

Course Name and Number: _____________________________________________________ Student Name: ________________________________________________________________ Instructor Name: ______________________________________________________________ Lab Due Date: ________________________________________________________________

Overview

In this lab, you explored the common tools available in the virtual lab environment. You

used Wireshark to capture and analyze network traffic and OpenVAS to scan the

network. You reviewed a sample collection of data using NetWitness Investigator,

connected to a remote Windows machine, and explored two file transfer applications,

FileZilla and Tftpd64. You used PuTTY to connect to a Linux machine and ran several

Cisco commands to display statistics for the network interfaces. Finally, you used

Zenmap to perform a scan of the network and created a network topology chart.

Lab Assessment Questions & Answers

1. Name at least five applications and tools used in the lab.

2. What is promiscuous mode?

3. How does Wireshark differ from NetWitness Investigator?

4. Why is it important to select the student interface in the Wireshark?

5. What is the command line syntax for running an Intense Scan with Zenmap on a target subnet of 172.30.0.0/24?

6. Name at least five different scans that may be performed with Zenmap.

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7. How many different tests (i.e., scripts) did your Intense Scan perform?

8. Based on your interpretation of the Intense Scan, describe the purpose/results of each tests script performed during the report.

9. How many total IP hosts did Zenmap find on the network?

52 | Lab #2 Performing a Vulnerability Assessment

Lab #2 – Assessment Worksheet

Performing a Vulnerability Assessment

Course Name and Number: _____________________________________________________ Student Name: ________________________________________________________________ Instructor Name: ______________________________________________________________ Lab Due Date: ________________________________________________________________

Overview

In this lab, you used Nmap commands within the Zenmap application to scan the virtual network

and identify the devices on the network and the operating systems and services running on them.

You also used OpenVAS to conduct a vulnerability assessment and record the high risk

vulnerabilities identified by the tool. Finally, you used the information you gathered from the

report to discover mitigations for those risks and make mitigation recommendations based on

your findings.

Lab Assessment Questions & Answers

1. What is Zenmap typically used for? How is it related to Nmap? Describe a scenario in which you would use this type of application.

2. Which application can be used to perform a vulnerability assessment scan in the reconnaissance phase of the ethical hacking process?

3. What must you obtain before you begin the ethical hacking process or penetration test on a live production network, even before performing the reconnaissance step?

4. What is a CVE listing? Who hosts and sponsors the CVE database listing Web site?

5. Can Zenmap detect which operating systems are present on IP servers and workstations? Which option includes that scan?

6. How can you limit the breadth and scope of a vulnerability scan?

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7. Once a vulnerability has been identified by OpenVAS, where would you check for more information regarding the identified vulnerability, exploits, and any risk

mitigation solution?

8. What is the major difference between Zenmap and OpenVAS?

9. Why do you need to run both tools like Zenmap and OpenVAS to complete the reconnaissance phase of the ethical hacking process?

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Lab #3 – Assessment Worksheet

Enabling Windows Active Directory and User Access Controls

Course Name and Number: _____________________________________________________ Student Name: ________________________________________________________________ Instructor Name: ______________________________________________________________ Lab Due Date: ________________________________________________________________

Overview

In this lab, you followed the Microsoft approach to securing the CIA triad. You created new user

accounts and security groups, and applied the new user accounts to the security groups, just as

you would in a real world domain. You created nested folders on the remote server and assigned

unique file permissions using the new user accounts and security groups. You modified the

Windows Group Policy enabling each new user account to use remote desktop services to

remotely access the TargetWindows01 server. Finally, you tested the security layers you placed

in the previous parts of the lab by using each new user account to access and modify the nested

folders on the remote server.

Lab Assessment Questions & Answers

1. What are the three fundamental elements of an effective security program for information systems?

2. Of these three fundamental controls, which two are used by the Domain User Admin to create users and assign rights to resources?

3. If you can browse a file on a Windows network share, but are not able to copy it or modify it, what type of access controls and permissions are probably configured?

4. What is the mechanism on a Windows server where you can administer granular policies and permissions on a Windows network using role-based access?

5. What is two-factor authentication, and why is it an effective access control technique?

82 | Lab #3 Enabling Windows Active Directory and User Access Controls

6. Relate how Windows Server 2012 Active Directory and the configuration of access controls achieve CIA for departmental LANs, departmental folders, and data.

7. Is it a good practice to include the account or username in the password? Why or why not?

8. Can a user who is defined in Active Directory access a shared drive on a computer if the server with the shared drive is not part of the domain?

9. When granting access to LAN systems for guests (i.e., auditors, consultants, third-party individuals, etc.), what security controls do you recommend be implemented to

maximize CIA of production systems and data?

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Lab #4 – Assessment Worksheet

Using Group Policy Objects and Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer for Change Control

Course Name and Number: _____________________________________________________ Student Name: ________________________________________________________________ Instructor Name: ______________________________________________________________ Lab Due Date: ________________________________________________________________

Overview

There are many tools and suites designed to aid the security practitioner and the organization in

implementing and managing change management. In this lab, you explored two such tools for

the Windows platform: Group Policy Objects (built into the Windows operating systems) and the

Microsoft Security Baseline Analyzer (provided free of charge). You used Group Policy Objects

to strengthen the organization’s password policy by adding complexity and minimum password

length requirements. You scanned the Windows server with the Microsoft Baseline Security

Analyzer (MBSA) to assess its security state, and you examined the results of the Microsoft

Baseline Security Analyzer in detail.

Lab Assessment Questions & Answers

1. Define why change control management is relevant to security operations in an organization.

2. Name six (6) policies you could enable in a Windows Domain.

3. What is the minimum password length enforced by the Password must meet complexity requirements policy?

4. What sources could you use as a source to perform the MBSA security scan?

5. What are some of the options that you can exercise when initiating the MBSA scan?

136 | Lab #5 Performing Packet Capture and Traffic Analysis

Lab #5 – Assessment Worksheet

Performing Packet Capture and Traffic Analysis

Course Name and Number: _____________________________________________________ Student Name: ________________________________________________________________ Instructor Name: ______________________________________________________________ Lab Due Date: ________________________________________________________________

Overview

In this lab, you used common applications to generate traffic and transfer files between the

machines in this lab. You captured data using Wireshark and reviewed the captured traffic at the

packet level, and then you used NetWitness Investigator, a free tool that provides security

practitioners with a means of analyzing a complete packet capture, to review the same traffic at a

consolidated level.

Lab Assessment Questions & Answers

1. Why would a network administrator use Wireshark and NetWitness Investigator together?

2. What was the IP address for LanSwitch1?

3. When the 172.16.8.5 IP host responded to the ICMP echo-requests, how many ICMP echo-reply packets were sent back to the vWorkstation?

4. What was the terminal password for LanSwitch 1 and LanSwitch 2?

5. When using SSH to remotely access a Cisco router, can you see the terminal password? Why or why not?

6. What were the Destination IP addresses discovered by the NetWitness Investigator analysis?

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7. Are packet-capturing tools like Wireshark less dangerous on switched LANs?

160 | Lab #6 Implementing a Business Continuity Plan

Lab #6 – Assessment Worksheet

Implementing a Business Continuity Plan

Course Name and Number: _____________________________________________________ Student Name: ________________________________________________________________ Instructor Name: ______________________________________________________________ Lab Due Date: ________________________________________________________________

Overview

In this lab, you implemented a portion of your organization’s BCP. On the basis of the BIA, the

organization determined that the internal Active Directory database and the corporate Web site

must be recoverable in the event of system failure or natural disaster. To accomplish this, you

configured local backups of Active Directory on the existing virtual server using Windows

Server Backup. You also configured the organization’s Web servers to host content from a single

NFS share, and to back up that NFS share daily using Windows.

Lab Assessment Questions & Answers

1. What is the purpose of the business impact analysis (BIA)?

2. What is the difference between a disaster recovery plan (DRP) and a business continuity plan (BCP)?

3. What are the commands used in Windows 2012 to mount the NFS share on the Linux server.

4. Is creating redundancy for systems such as Active Directory or Web servers a part of the DRP or the BCP?

5. Why use the mklink command?

6. What role/service is Windows 2012 Server Backup part of?

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a. Windows Group Policy b. Windows Collaboration Server c. Windows Server Essentials Experience

7. Which Linux file makes a local share available to NFS clients? a. transports b. imports c. fstab d. exports

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Lab #7 – Assessment Worksheet

Using Encryption to Enhance Confidentiality and Integrity

Course Name and Number: _____________________________________________________ Student Name: ________________________________________________________________ Instructor Name: ______________________________________________________________ Lab Due Date: ________________________________________________________________

Overview

In this lab, you learned how cryptography tools can be used to ensure message and file transfer

integrity and how encryption can be used to maximize confidentiality. You used Kleopatra, the

certificate management component of GPG4Win, to generate both a public and a private key as

both a sender and a receiver. You used the sender’s keys to encrypt a file, sent it to the receiver,

and decrypted it using the receiver’s copy of the keys.

Lab Assessment Questions & Answers

1. If you and another person want to encrypt messages, should you provide that person with your public key, private key, or both?

2. What does Kleopatra allow you to do once it is installed?

3. What key type was used to create the certificate on Kleopatra? What other types of encryption key types are possible?

4. What was the fingerprint generated with your Kleopatra certificate?

5. If someone sends you his public key and you import it into Kleopatra, will he be able to decrypt the encrypted messages you send him?

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Lab #8 – Assessment Worksheet

Performing a Web Site and Database Attack by Exploiting Identified Vulnerabilities

Course Name and Number: _____________________________________________________ Student Name: ________________________________________________________________ Instructor Name: ______________________________________________________________ Lab Due Date: ________________________________________________________________

Overview

In this lab, you performed simple tests to verify a cross-site scripting (XSS) exploit and an SQL

injection attack using the Damn Vulnerable Web Application (DVWA), a tool left intentionally

vulnerable to aid security professionals in learning about Web security. You used a Web browser

and some simple command strings to identify the IP target host and its known vulnerabilities,

and then attacked the Web application and Web server using cross-site scripting (XSS) and SQL

injection to exploit the sample Web application running on that server.

Lab Assessment Questions & Answers

1. Why is it critical to perform a penetration test on a Web application and a Web server prior to production implementation?

2. What is a cross-site scripting attack? Explain in your own words.

3. What is a reflective cross-site scripting attack?

3. Which Web application attack is more likely to extract privacy data elements out of a database?

4. What security countermeasures could be used to monitor your production SQL databases against injection attacks?

204 | Lab #8 Performing a Web Site and Database Attack by Exploiting Identified Vulnerabilities

5. What can you do to ensure that your organization incorporates penetration testing and Web application testing as part of its implementation procedures?

6. Who is responsible for the C-I-A of production Web applications and Web servers?

226 | Lab #9 Eliminating Threats with a Layered Security Approach

Lab #9 – Assessment Worksheet

Eliminating Threats with a Layered Security Approach

Course Name and Number: _____________________________________________________ Student Name: ________________________________________________________________ Instructor Name: ______________________________________________________________ Lab Due Date: ________________________________________________________________

Overview

In this lab, you used AVG, an antivirus scanning program, to identify malware found on a

compromised system. You also examined the services available on the Windows vWorkstation

machine and disabled an unnecessary service. In addition, you configured the Windows Firewall,

enabled ICMP traffic, and created a new rule for the FileZilla Server application.

Lab Assessment Questions & Answers

1. What is the main difference between a virus and a Trojan?

2. A virus or malware can impact which of the three tenets of information systems security (confidentiality, integrity, or availability)? In what way?

3. Why is it recommended to do an antivirus signature file update before performing an antivirus scan on your computer?

4. Why might your coworker suggest encrypting an archive file before e-mailing it?

5. What kind of network traffic can you filter with the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security?

6. What are typical indicators that your computer system is compromised?

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7. What elements are needed in a workstation domain policy regarding use of antivirus and malicious software prevention tools?

246 | Lab #10 Implementing an Information Systems Security Policy

Lab #10 – Assessment Worksheet

Implementing an Information Systems Security Policy

Course Name and Number: _____________________________________________________ Student Name: ________________________________________________________________ Instructor Name: ______________________________________________________________ Lab Due Date: ________________________________________________________________

Overview

In this lab, you acted as a member of the network security team. You were given an assignment

to implement two security standards that have been accepted by the organization. First, you

enforced a newly adopted corporate password policy using the Group Policy Management

console. Additionally, you joined a standalone Linux machine to the Active Directory domain

using an open source tool, PowerBroker Identity Services Open.

Lab Assessment Questions & Answers

1. What is the correct command syntax to force GPO settings?

a. /force GPO b. gpupdate /now c. gpupdate /force d. policyupdate /force

2. Why is it important to set a strict password policy as part of your security template?

3. Why is it important to bring standalone systems into the Domain?

4. What was the command line syntax to connect as the root user to 172.30.0.11 using PuTTY?

5. Name five different Windows password policies.