Which of the following displays these two characteristics: rivalry and nonexcludability?

1)Economics does not study correct or incorrect behaviors, but rather it assumes that economic agents make the best decisions given their knowledge of the costs and benefits. What term best describes this behavior? A. equitably B. selfishly C. emotionally D. rationally

2) By definition, what is economics the study of? A. how to make money in the stock market. B. supply and demand. C. the choices people make to attain their goals, given their scarce resources. D. how to make money in a market economy.

3) What is the term in economics by which a group of buyers and sellers of a product come together to trade? A. market B. trade-off C. collective D. cooperative

4) Which of the following statements describes the actions of producers in the circular flow model? A. hire resources sold by households in the factor market. B. spend earnings from resource sales on goods and services in the product market. C. sell goods and services in the input market. D. and households spend earnings from resource sales on goods and services in the factor market.

5) If a commercial dairy farm wants to raise funds to purchase feeding troughs, in which market does it do so? A. factor market. B. dairy products market. C. output market. D. product market.

6) Which of the following is not a critical function of the government in facilitating the operation of a market economy? A. ensuring an equal distribution of income to all citizens. B. enforcing contracts. C. protecting private property. D. enforcing property rights.

7) If demand is inelastic, the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand is A. greater than one. B. greater than the absolute value of the slope of the demand curve. C. one. D. less than one.

8) Economists in general A. Do not believe that people's tastes determine demand and therefore they ignore the subject of tastes. B. Incorporate tastes into economic models only to the extent that tastes determine whether pairs of goods are substitutes or complements. C. Do not try to explain people's tastes, but they do try to explain what happens when tastes change. D. Believe that they must be able to explain people's tastes in order to explain what happens when tastes change.

9) A demand curve which is ________ represents perfectly inelastic demand, and a demand curve which is ________ represents inelastic demand. A. vertical; downward sloping B. upward sloping; horizontal C. downward sloping; vertical D. horizontal; downward sloping

(There is some mistake. Both you have written inelastic demand. Second should have been elastic demand)

10) A decrease in the price of GPS systems will result in A. a decrease in the demand for GPS systems. B. an increase in the supply of GPS systems. C. a smaller quantity of GPS systems supplied. D. a larger quantity of GPS systems supplied.

11) At a product's equilibrium price A. the product's demand curve is the same as the product's supply curve. B. the product's demand curve crosses the product's supply curve. C. the quantity of the product demanded is less than the quantity of the product supplied. D. the quantity of the product demanded is greater than the quantity of the product supplied.

12) If, for a product, the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded, the market price will fall until A. the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied. The market will then be in equilibrium. B. quantity demanded equals quantity supplied. The market price will then equal the equilibrium price. C. all consumers will be able to afford the product. D. quantity demanded equals quantity supplied. The equilibrium price will then be lower than the market price.

13) Marginal revenue product of labor for a competitive seller is A. the change in total product from hiring one more worker. B. the marginal revenue of the product multiplied by the output price. C. the output price multiplied by the quantity sold. D. equal to the marginal product of labor multiplied by the output price.

14) Let MP = marginal product, P = output price, and W = wage, then the equation that represents the condition where a competitive firm would hire another worker is A. P × MP = W. B. P × W > MP. C. P × MP > W. D. P × MP < W.

15) Marginal revenue product for a perfectly competitive seller is equal to A. the output price multiplied by the total product of labor. B. the marginal cost of production. C. the change in total revenue that results from hiring another worker. D. the output price multiplied by the number workers hired.

16) An individual's labor supply curve shows A. the maximum wage rates offered to that individual by various potential employers. B. the relationship between the quantity of hours worked and total income earned by that individual. C. the relationship between wages and the quantity of labor that a firm is willing to employ. D. the relationship between wages and the quantity of labor that she is willing to supply.

17) A firm's demand for labor curve is also called its A. marginal revenue product of labor curve. B. marginal benefit of labor curve. C. marginal valuation curve. D. marginal factor cost of labor curve.

18) A decrease in the wage rate causes A. a decrease in labor's productivity. B. an increase in the quantity of labor demanded. C. a rightward shift of the firm's labor demand curve. D. a leftward shift of the firm's labor demand curve.

19) Which of the following displays these two characteristics: nonrivalry and nonexcludability in consumption? A. common resources B. public goods C. private goods D. quasi-public goods

20) Which of the following is an example of a quasi-public good? A. crime prevention B. cable television C. organic apples D. stock of knowledge in the public domain

21) Which of the following displays these two characteristics: rivalry and nonexcludability? A. a common resource B. a public good C. a private good D. a quasi-public good

22) A monopoly is a seller of a product A. without a well-defined demand curve. B. with many substitutes. C. without a close substitute. D. with a perfectly inelastic demand.

23) The key characteristics of a monopolistically competitive market structure include A. sellers have no incentive to advertise their products. B. many small (relative to the total market) sellers acting independently. C. all sellers sell a homogeneous product. D. barriers to entry are strong.

24) A characteristic found only in oligopolies is A. products that are slightly different. B. break even level of profits. C. interdependence of firms. D. independence of firms.

25) The Philippines and Vietnam have roughly the same size population. Suppose the GDP of the Philippines is $1,000 billion and the GDP of Vietnam is $10,000 billion. You should conclude A. a typical person in Vietnam is more than 10 times as well off as the typical person in the Philippines. B. a typical person in Vietnam is 10 times as well off as the typical person in the Philippines. C. it is not possible to make a good comparison of the economic well being of a typical individual in the 2 countries without additional information. D. a typical person in Vietnam is less than 10 times as well off as the typical person in the Philippines.

26) Gross domestic product understates the total production of final goods and services because of the omission of A. intermediate goods. B. the underground economy. C. exports. D. inflation.

27) Gross domestic product is calculated by summing up A. the total quantity of goods and services produced in the economy during a period of time. B. the total quantity of goods and services in the economy. C. the total market value of final goods and services produced in the economy during a period of time. D. the total market value of goods and services in the economy.

28) Fiscal policy refers to changes in A. federal taxes and purchases that are intended to achieve macroeconomic policy objectives. B. state and local taxes and purchases that are intended to achieve macroeconomic policy objectives. C. the money supply and interest rates that are intended to achieve macroeconomic policy objectives. D. federal taxes and purchases that are intended to fund the war on terrorism.

29) If the economy is slipping into a recession, which of the following would be an appropriate fiscal policy? A. a decrease in government purchases B. an increase in the money supply and a decrease in interest rates C. a decrease in oil prices D. a decrease in taxes

30) Which of the following is an objective of fiscal policy? A. health care coverage for all Americans B. energy independence from Middle East oil C. high rates of economic growth D. discovering a cure for AIDs

31) Which of the following assets is most liquid? A. bond B. money C. stock D. savings account

32) If credit card balances rise in the economy, then M1 will ________ and M2 will ________. A. not change; not change B. increase; increase C. increase; decrease D. not change; increase E. decrease; increase

33) Economists estimate that ________ of U.S. currency is outside the United States and held primarily by ________. A. less than one quarter; foreign banks and foreign governments B. over half; households and firms in countries where there is little confidence in the local currency C. less than one quarter; households and firms in countries where there is little confidence in the local currency D. over half; foreign banks and foreign governments

34) The M2 measure of the money supply equals A. M1 plus savings account balances plus small-denomination time deposits plus noninstitutional money market fund shares. B. savings account balances plus small-denomination time deposits plus traveler's checks. C. M1 plus savings account balances plus small-denomination time deposits. D. savings account balances plus small-denomination time deposits plus noninstitutional money market fund shares.

35) The M1 measure of the money supply equals A. currency plus checking account balances plus traveler's checks plus savings account balances. B. paper money plus coins in circulation. C. currency plus checking account balances plus traveler's checks. D. currency plus checking account balances.

36) Which of the following is one of the most important benefits of money in an economy? A. Money encourages people to produce all of their own goods (self-sufficiency) and therefore increases economic stability. B. Money allows for the exchange of goods and services. C. Money makes exchange easier, leading to more specialization and higher productivity. D. Money allows for the accumulation of wealth.

37) To increase the money supply, the Federal Reserve could A. conduct an open market purchase of Treasury securities. B. raise the discount rate. C. lower transfer payments. D. decrease income taxes. E. raise the required reserve ratio.

38) Which of the following determines the amount of money the banking system as a whole can create? A. the quantity of bank reserves B. the quantity of vault cash held by banks C. the gold reserves held by the Federal Reserve D. the limit on profits by banks imposed by the U.S. Congress

39) Money market mutual funds sell shares to investors and use the money to buy A. overseas assets through foreign direct investment. B. mortgage-backed securities. C. short-term securities. D. foreign currency.

40) The goals of monetary policy tend to be interrelated. For example, when the Fed pursues the goal of ________, it also can achieve the goal of ________ simultaneously. A. high employment; lowering government spending B. high employment; economic growth C. economic growth; a low current account deficit D. stability of financial markets; a low current account deficit

41) The Federal Reserve System's four monetary policy goals are A. low rate of bank failures, high reserve ratios, price stability, and economic growth. B. low government budget deficits, low current account deficits, high employment, and a high foreign exchange value of the dollar. C. price stability, high employment, economic growth, and stability of financial markets and institutions. D. price stability, low government budget deficits, low current account deficits, and low rate of bank failures.

42) The Federal Reserve's two main ________ are the money supply and the interest rate. A. policy tools B. monetary policy targets C. fiscal policy targets D. fiscal tools

43) Specializing in the production of a good or service in which one has a comparative advantage enables a country to do all of the following except A. increase the variety of products that it can consume with no increase in resources. B. engage in mutually beneficial trade with other nations. C. consume a combination of goods that lies outside its own production possibilities frontier. D. produce a combination of goods that lies outside its own production possibilities frontier.

44) Table 2-3 Serena Haley Bracelets 8 9 Necklaces 16 12 Refer to Table 2-3. Which of the following statements is true? A. Serena has an absolute advantage in making both products. B. Haley has an absolute advantage in making both products. C. Haley has an absolute advantage in making bracelets and Serena in making necklaces. D. Haley has an absolute advantage in making necklaces and Serena in making bracelets.

45) Table 2-3 Serena Haley Bracelets 8 9 Necklaces 16 12 Refer to Table 2-3. What is Haley's opportunity cost of making a bracelet? A. 3 bracelets B. 3/4 of a bracelet C. 1 1/3 necklaces D. 2 necklaces

46) How does an increase in a country's exchange rate affect its balance of trade? A. An increase in the exchange rate reduces imports, raises exports, and reduces the balance of trade. B. An increase in the exchange rate raises imports, reduces exports, and reduces the balance of trade. C. An increase in the exchange rate reduces imports, raises exports, and increases the balance of trade. D. An increase in the exchange rate raises imports, reduces exports, and increases the balance of trade.

47) Currency traders expect the value of the dollar to fall. What effect will this have on the demand for dollars and the supply of dollars in the foreign exchange market? A. Demand for dollars will decrease, and supply of dollars will decrease. B. Demand for dollars will increase, and supply of dollars will decrease. C. Demand for dollars will decrease, and supply of dollars will increase. D. Demand for dollars will increase, and supply of dollars will increase.

48) When the market value of the dollar rises relative to other currencies around the world, we say that A. the supply of dollars has increased. B. the dollar has appreciated. C. the demand for dollars has increased. D. the dollar has depreciated.

49) Destabilizing speculation refers to A. any depreciation of a country's currency as a result of long-run adjustments to purchasing power parity. B. actions taken by the International Monetary Fund that increase lending to countries who have pegged their currencies against the dollar. C. actions taken by investors who sell a country's currency in anticipation of buying it back later at a lower price. D. actions taken by currency traders to sell a currency that is undervalued.

50) If the purchasing power of the dollar is greater than the purchasing power of the euro, purchasing power parity predicts that the exchange rate will A. not fluctuate and stay constant in the long run. B. increase if the exchange rate is greater than 1 euro per dollar. C. be equal to the relative purchasing power across the currencies in the long run. D. decrease if the exchange rate is less than 1 euro per dollar.

51) Pegging a country's exchange rate to the dollar can be advantageous if A. imports are not a significant fraction of the goods the country's consumers buy. B. the country does not trade much with the United States. C. a country wishes to conduct independent monetary policy. D. investors believe the dollar to be more stable than the domestic country's currency.

52) The three most important international financial centers today are A. Tokyo, London, and New York. B. New York, Los Angeles, and London. C. San Francisco, Paris, and Mexico City. D. London, Tokyo, and Beijing.

53) China has been accused of deliberately undervaluing its currency, the yuan, in order to A. maintain purchasing power parity. B. increase its exports. C. prevent deflation. D. increase its imports.

54) What two countries each accounted for more than 25% of all foreign purchases of U.S. stocks and bonds in 2008? A. Mexico and Canada B. Japan and Mexico C. Japan and India D. China and the United Kingdom