Which statement least characterizes the abolitionist movement in america

THE PREDICAMENT OF SLAVERY

1 — Slavery in the United States in the 19th Century

Recognize the position of and thoughts about slavery as it grew in the early 19th century.

1. Which statement best summarizes the "tyranny of the majority," a concern shared by many Southerners in the early 19th century?

· a.) Slaves could organize and overthrow their white owners, who were in the minority.

· b.) A majority of Southerners sought to declare domestic slavery illegal.

· c.) Intermarriage between whites and blacks could dilute the white majority in the South.

· d.) An antislavery majority in Congress could harm the South’s economy.

Many thought that, by ending the United States's participation in the international slave trade, slavery would gradually diminish. 2. Why did slavery nonetheless continue to flourish in the South?

· a.) Millions of slaves continued to be imported from abroad by smugglers.

· b.) Polygenesis and other racist beliefs supported the secondary status of African Americans.

· c.) Southern states threatened to secede from the Union if Congress passed any laws that harmed slave owners.

· d.) Slaves continued to be purchased from British Canada, which was exempt from the Congressional ban.

3. Which of the following statements about slavery in the early 19th century is true?

· a.) Gradual emancipation was instituted in 1808 in the South to help its economy transition away from slavery.

· b.) The federal government abolished the international slave trade in 1808, but slavery proliferated nonetheless.

· c.) Slavery was illegal starting in 1808, but southern states nullified federal law.

· d.) After 1808, slaves could no longer buy their freedom, and free southern blacks were forced into slavery.

2 — The Slave Experience

Identify various tactics employed by slaveowners and slaves, why they were used, and which were most common.

4. Which of the following statements about slave resistance is true?

· a.) Slaves hiding their intelligence from their masters was a common form of resistance.

· b.) Running away from a master was almost never attempted.

· c.) Over half of all slaves would attempt to escape at some point.

· d.) Most slaves refused to worship the Christian God of their masters.

5. Which form of resistance to slavery was the least common?

· a.) Sabotaging work

· b.) Faking illness or injury

· c.) Organized rebellion

· d.) Running away

6. Why were attempted slave rebellions so rare?

· a.) There was nowhere to escape to after the rebellion.

· b.) The consequences of failure were overwhelmingly dire.

· c.) Slaves didn't realize how much their owners feared rebellions.

· d.) Slaveowners were careful to prevent any communication among slaves.

3 — The Abolitionist Movement

Recognize the groups and ideologies that opposed slavery in early 19th century America.

7. Which of the following groups was most likely to support the immediate abolition of slavery?

· a.) Politicians who thought it would be better to remove Africans from the United States altogether

· b.) Laborers in the North who were afraid the presence of slavery would harm their own prospects

· c.) Participants in movements characteristic of the Second Great Awakening, like temperance

· d.) Southerners who didn't own slaves and believed slavery gave the wealthy unfair advantages

8. Which of the following groups was most likely to support colonization as a response to slavery?

· a.) Free African Americans living in the northern states who were fighting to end slavery

· b.) Militant abolitionists who rejected the pace of gradual emancipation

· c.) Wealthy, influential white Americans who viewed blacks as biologically inferior

· d.) Quakers and Protestants who believed that slavery was a moral evil and a threat to the nation’s soul

9. Which of the following groups was most likely to oppose slavery for reasons associated with Free Labor Ideology?

· a.) Female antislavery activists motivated by Christian morality

· b.)

Southern plantation owners who felt they could do better economically if slavery ended

· c.) Free blacks and former slaves who believed that slavery was evil and a moral threat to the nation

· d.) Northern, middle-class white Americans who wanted to prevent the spread of slavery in the west

4 — Women's Activism in the Early 19th Century

Given a statement, identify which movement or principle the speaker would most likely support.

Consider the following statement: "Women and blacks are both victims of oppression by white men, who have used force to subjugate both groups." 10. Which of the following principles or movements would the speaker most likely support?

· a.) Republican Motherhood

· b.) The Underground Railroad

· c.) Separate Spheres Ideology

· d.) The Seneca Falls Convention

Consider the following statement: "Women like the Grimké sisters ought to effect change not through public campaigns, but by raising young and supporting their husbands." 11. Which of the following principles or movements would the speaker most likely support?"

· a.) Separate Spheres Ideology

· b.) The Underground Railroad

· c.) The Abolitionist Movement

· d.) The Seneca Falls Convention

Consider the following statement: "Slavery is a moral evil. Free women cannot sit idly by while their African sisters are in chains." 12. Which of the following principles or movements would the speaker most likely support?

· a.) Separate Spheres Ideology

· b.) Republican Motherhood

· c.) The Abolitionist Movement

· d.) The Seneca Falls Convention

5 — Think About It: What Were Some Responses to Slavery?

Interpret responses to slavery given in primary sources.

"There is also some reason to believe, those preachers... have been the channels through which the inflammatory papers and pamphlets, brought here by the agents and emissaries from other states, have been circulated amongst our slaves." 13. Which of the following people most likely said this quote?

· a.) A violent revolutionary calling for churches to rise up against slavery

· b.) A northern abolitionist convincing churches to distribute antislavery literature

· c.) A freed slave discussing the importance of religion to slave rebellion

· d.) A slave owner blaming northern abolitionists for slave rebellions the South

"We do not preach rebellion—no, but submission and peace. Our enemies may accuse us of striving to stir up the slaves to revenge but their accusations are false, and made only to excite the prejudices of the whites, and to destroy our influence." 14. Who might "our enemies" refer to in this excerpt?

· a.) Free African Americans

· b.) White Southerners

· c.) White abolitionists

· d.) Female abolitionists

"Believing, as we do, that men should never do evil that good may come; that a good end does not justify wicked means in the accomplishment of it; and that we ought to suffer, as did our Lord and his apostles, unresistingly—knowing that vengeance belongs to God, and he will certainly repay it where it is due—believing all this, and that the Almighty will deliver the oppressed in a way which we know not, we deprecate the spirit and tendency of this Appeal… We do not preach rebellion—no, but submission and peace." 15. How would Nat Turner have likely responded to this view on abolitionism?

· a.) Turner would have rejected Garrison's belief in a Christian God.

· b.) Turner would have agreed with Garrison's call for a nonviolent movement to end slavery.

· c.) Turner would have approved of Garrison's goal, but not his method for achieving it.

· d.) Turner would have viewed abolitionists as doing more harm to his cause than good.

WESTWARD EXPANSION AND POLITICAL CRISIS: 1840-1861

1 — Manifest Destiny

Given a statement, identify which element of Manifest Destiny is best represented.

16. Which element of Manifest Destiny is reflected in the following statement? "The peoples of the west will be better off with American culture and progress."

· a.) Divine mission

· b.) Safety valve

· c.) White supremacy

· d.) Capitalism

17. Which element of Manifest Destiny is reflected in the following statement? "Americans looking for new opportunities can head west, where they can find economic success."

· a.) Divine mission

· b.) Republicanism

· c.) White supremacy

· d.) Safety valve

18. Which element of Manifest Destiny is reflected in the following statement? "Our way of government is destined to stretch from sea to sea and one day encompass all of North America."

· a.) Capitalism

· b.) White supremacy

· c.) Divine mission

· d.) Safety valve

2 — The Dilemma of the West

Order events related to Western expansion and slavery.

19. Select the answer that places the following events from the 1840s and 1850s in the correct chronological order: A. The boundary between Canada and the United States in the Oregon Territory is settled. B. James K. Polk is elected president as a champion of westward expansion. C. The United States acquired almost all of Mexico’s northern territories west of the Rio Grande.

· a.) A, B, C

· b.) B, C, A

· c.) B, A, C

· d.) C, A, B

20. Select the answer that places the following events in the correct chronological order: A. This proposed amendment to an appropriation bill would have outlawed slavery in any territories acquired from Mexico. B. The Free Soil Party ran its first candidate for President. C. The United States admits Texas to the Union.

· a.) C, A, B

· b.) B, A, C

· c.) C, B, A

· d.) A, C, B

21. Select the answer that places the following events from the 1840s in the correct chronological order: A. The Free Soil Party was organized to exclude slavery from Western territories. B. The United States declared the Rio Grande River as the border between Texas and Mexico. C. Congress formally declared war on Mexico.

· a.) C, B, A

· b.) C, A, B

· c.) B, C, A

· d.) A, C, B

3 — The Compromise of 1850

Understand the circumstances and provisions of the Compromise of 1850.

22. Many northerners resisted the Compromise of 1850 because they believed it forced them to become which of the following?

· a.) Law-breakers

· b.) Slave-catchers

· c.) Abolitionists

· d.) Sectionalists

23. What did the personal liberty laws passed in several northern states after the Compromise of 1850 accomplish?

· a.) They nullified the Fugitive Slave Act.

· b.) They emancipated northern slaves and promised freedom to escaped slaves from the South.

· c.) They provided legal protection for anyone arrested under the Fugitive Slave Act.

· d.) They prevented free blacks and escaped slaves from competing economically with whites.

24. Prior to the Compromise of 1850, what was the legal status of slavery under California's state constitution?

· a.) It was completely legal.

· b.) It was completely illegal.

· c.) It was left to the federal government to decide.

· d.) It was legal but subject to strict regulation.

4 — A House Divided: Crises of the 1850s

Recognize the political divisions of the 1850s and how they played out.

25. What was one significance of the Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford in 1857?

· a.) It stated that blacks could not be U.S. citizens.

· b.) It paved the way for new laws to ban slavery from western territories.

· c.) It marked the end of the Free Soil Party.

· d.) It led to violent conflicts on the floor of the Senate.

26. Which statement accurately describes "border ruffians?"

· a.) Abolitionists who killed five pro-slavery settlers in Missouri

· b.) The approximately 200 people who died during the extended period of violence in "Bleeding Kansas"

· c.) Missourians who fraudulently voted in Kansas elections

· d.) Northerners who condemned the physical attack in Congress on Charles Sumner

27. What happened in Lawrence, Kansas during the 1850s that was significant regarding rising sectional tensions over slavery?

· a.) Dred Scott filed a lawsuit claiming that he was a free man.

· b.) Stephen A. Douglas announced his support for what came to be known as the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

· c.) The Republican Party was established.

· d.) Pro-slavery mobs attacked and burned public buildings and settlers' homes.

5 — The Election of 1860 and Secession

Identify the circumstances leading up to and resulting from southern secession in 1860.

28. Which of the following statements about the 1860 Presidential Election is true?

· a.) Up to 60% of votes cast in Kansas were fraudulent.

· b.) The South rejected Lincoln's election and declared Davis president of the United States.

· c.) Lincoln won the electoral college, but Breckinridge won the popular vote.

· d.) Lincoln was not included on the ballot in several southern states.

30. Which of the following justifications did southern states give for secession?

· a.) Southern states did not benefit from participation in the national economy and could do better on their own.

· b.) The Constitution was a contract between sovereign states that could be ended at any time.

· c.) The federal government had illegally seized state-owned property and appointed new state leaders.

· d.) Lincoln had labeled the South as an enemy state and convinced Congress to declare war.

31. Why was the election of 1860 so contentious?

· a.) Because the South had seceded from the Union and the winner would have to unite the country

· b.) Because all four candidates were from the same political party

· c.) Because the nation and the presidential candidates were so divided over slavery

· d.) Because the Kansas and Nebraska territories were about to vote on whether to be slave or free

6 — Think About It: Was Lincoln an Abolitionist?

Given several statements, determine which best characterizes Abraham Lincoln's views on slavery.

32. Which of the following statements best represents Abraham Lincoln's experience of and views on slavery prior to the Civil War?

· a.) "I oppose the spread of slavery into the West, but the Constitution has no authority to interfere with slavery where it already exists."

· b.) "If the South intends to preserve the institution of slavery, they must leave the Union and become a separate nation."

· c.) "Natural equality demands racial equality as well. Blacks must live and work freely beside their white neighbors and compatriots."

· d.) "I have a plan for the emancipation of slaves and their smooth integration into American society as free citizens like any others."

33. Which of the following statements best represents Abraham Lincoln's experience of and views on slavery prior to the Civil War?

· a.) "I believe owning another human is immoral, but like many, I know not how to undo the institution of slavery."

· b.) "Someday all blacks shall live, work, vote and engage in political discourse alongside their white neighbors."

· c.) "I care not how slavery is abolished, but I believe it must happen immediately."

· d.) "The people of the western states must be allowed to make their own laws regarding slavery, with no interference from others.

34. Which of the following statements best represents Abraham Lincoln's experience of and views on slavery prior to the Civil War?

· a.) "All people are created equal, and must have equal rights in everything, regardless of their race."

· b.) "Slavery will be ended everywhere, or it will be forbidden nowhere. There is no middle ground."

· c.) "I care not if slavery is introduced to the West, so long as Illinois remains always and forever free."

· d.) "If I am elected, I will abolish slavery once and for all.

THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION: 1861-1877

1 — The Civil War

Identify the strategic advantages and disadvantages held by the Union and the Confederacy

35. Which of the following was an advantage for the Confederacy in the Civil War?

· a.) Economic support from abroad

· b.) Citizens' willingness to pay more taxes

· c.) Large area for the enemy to conquer

· d.) Greater political unity among states

36. Which of the following was an advantage for the Confederacy in the Civil War?

· a.) Economic support from Europe

· b.) The ability to issue war bonds

· c.) Better manufacturing capacity

· d.) Civilians hostile to the Northern army

37. Which of the following was an advantage for the Confederacy in the Civil War?

· a.) Defensive position

· b.) More volunteers for military service

· c.) A food-based agricultural economy

· d.) Better railroads and canals

2 — The End of the War

Recognize the circumstances that led to and resulted from the end of the Civil War.

38. Which statement about the Ten Percent Plan is true?

· a.) It allowed for southern states to rejoin the Union with relative ease.

· b.) It required a majority of southerners to swear they hadn't supported the Confederacy.

· c.)

It was passed by Congress but "pocket vetoed" by Lincoln.

· d.) Once ratified, it became the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

39. Which statement about the end of the Civil War is true?

· a.) Large parts of the South were ravaged by the war.

· b.) The war ended with the death of Robert E. Lee.

· c.) Southern forces occupied several northern cities.

· d.) The two armies were still evenly matched.

40. Which statement about the Emancipation Proclamation is true?

· a.) It came without any warning and shocked the South.

· b.) It marked the final end of the Civil War.

· c.) It freed all slaves in the South.

· d.) It didn't free slaves in border states that still allowed slavery.

3 — Perspectives on Emancipation

Correctly interpret primary sources on emancipation and African-American involvement in the Civil War.

41. Why did the Committee of Merchants for the Relief of Colored People Suffering from the Late Riots emphasize that "[James] Costello was a shoemaker, an active man in his business—industrious and sober?"

· a.) They wanted their audience to understand that African Americans were equally capable of temperance.

· b.) They wanted to emphasize that Costello was not a slave, but a free business owner.

· c.) They wanted to show that free blacks deserved the same social and economic opportunities as white Europeans.

· d.) They wanted to establish that Costello was an innocent and exemplary person who didn't deserve his fate.

42. In the excerpt from Abraham Lincoln's 1864 speech in Baltimore, what does he mean by "upon a clear conviction of duty I resolved to turn that element of strength to account; and I am responsible for it to the American people, to the christian world, to history, and on my final account to God"?

· a.) Government support for Black soldiers was weak, and Lincoln could not offer them any protection.

· b.) The soldiers’ skill levels were unknown, and Lincoln feared they could prove to be poor soldiers.

· c.) He felt obliged to fully support African-American soldiers in the Union army since he decided to allow them to enlist.

· d.) Lincoln believed Black soldiers should serve as apprentices until they gained military experience.

43. In the excerpt from Frederick Douglass' 1863 speech, "Men of Color, To Arms!," what does he mean by "the arm of the slave was the best defense against the arm of the slaveholder?"

· a.) African Americans deserved to seek retaliation for their continuous enslavement.

· b.) African Americans were the logical choice to participate in the war against slavery.

· c.) Slaves should be allowed to arm themselves against a government that threatened their existence.

· d.) Slaves wanted to defend the Union against Confederate attacks in the North.

4 — Reconstructing the South

Identify differences and critiques of Presidential and Congressional Reconstruction and their respective components.

44. Which of the following was a component of Congressional Reconstruction but not Presidential Reconstruction?

· a.) Citizenship for all people born in the United States

· b.) A loyalty oath sworn by 10 percent of a southern state's population

· c.) Black codes in southern states

· d.) A requirement that wealthy southerners seek presidential pardons

45. Which of the following was a component of Presidential Reconstruction but not Congressional Reconstruction?

· a.) Suffrage for all males, regardless of skin color

· b.) Federal power to intervene in state governments

· c.) Strict federal oversight of new state constitutions

· d.) Amnesty for non-wealthy civilians in the southern states

46. Why did Radical Republicans disapprove of Presidential Reconstruction?

· a.) They believed it was too lenient on the southern states.

· b.) They believed it didn't give southern states equal representation.

· c.) They believed it gave too many rights to former slaves.

· d.) They believed it didn't address the issue of slavery.

5 — The Collapse of the Reconstruction

Distinguish between the various political organizations involved in Reconstruction and its collapse.

47. Which of the following groups was associated with educating former slaves during Reconstruction?

· a.) Red Shirts

· b.) U.S. Army

· c.) Freedmen's Bureau

· d.)Redeemers

48. Which of the following groups wanted to minimize changes to the South after the Civil War?

· a.) Freedmen's Bureau

· b.) Union Leagues

· c.) Carpet baggers

· d.) Redeemers

49. Which of the following groups was responsible for assassinating a U.S. congressman and three state congressmen during Reconstruction?

· a.) Redeemers

· b.) Knights of the White Camelia

· c.) Union Leagues

· d.) Ku Klux Klan

6 — Towards a Greater Reconstruction

Identify events associated with Reconstruction in the west by their effects.

50. Which of the following events resulted in the federal government pursuing peace treaties with Great Plains tribes to help them adapt to the increasing presence of white Americans?

· a.) The Homestead Act

· b.) The Battle of Little Bighorn

· c.) The Sand Creek Massacre

· d.) The Pacific Railway Acts

51. Which of the following events resulted in the establishment of a reservation for the Lakota tribe in the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory?

· a.) The Treaty of Fort Laramie

· b.) The Battle of Little Bighorn

· c.) The Morrill Act

· d.) The Homestead Act

52. Which of the following events resulted in each state receiving 30,000 acres of federal lands on which to build land grant colleges?

· a.) The Battle of Little Bighorn

· b.) The Treaty of Fort Laramie

· c.) The Morrill Act

· d.) The Homestead Act

7 — Think About It: How Have Historians Viewed Reconstruction?

Identify statements that reflect the three schools of thought on the Reconstruction presented in this tutorial.

53. Which of the following statements best reflects the Dunning School interpretation of Reconstruction?

· a.) “When the federal government provided every need, African Americans remained childlike and helpless.”

· b.) “Put all these facts together and one gets a clear idea, not of the failure of Negro suffrage in the South, but of the basic difficulty which it encountered."

· c.) “During Reconstruction, the federal government began to extend equal rights and protections for all its citizens.”

· d.) “The transformation of slaves into free laborers was an example of the social and political changes brought about by Reconstruction.”

54. Which of the following statements best reflects W.E.B. Du Bois' interpretation of Reconstruction?

· a.) “Union Leagues and other organizations taught African Americans to hate white Southerners.”

· b.) “Reconstruction for the African American was a time of heroic leaders, passionate actions, and no bowing to compromise.”

· c.) "During Reconstruction, the South was the victim of federal overreach and foolish racial policies.”

· d.) “Both white Southern landowners and Northern business interests wanted to profit from and exploit black labor.”

55. Which of the following statements best reflects Eric Foner's interpretation of the Reconstruction?

· a.) "Various analyses of Reconstruction have shown a trend of consistent, unbiased and objective viewpoints by historians across time and space.”

· b.) "Reconstruction was stunted by the creation of a privileged class among former slaves, who became dependent on the government and unable to provide for themselves."

· c.) “Reconstruction was significant for expanding the authority and purpose of the federal government, which adopted policies that considered equal rights for all races in America.”

· d.) "Reconstruction failed because free blacks and poor whites did not work together to overcome the wealthy plantation owners who had profited from slavery."