Ads b ground station

A systematic review of ADS-B performance monitoring methodsBusyairah Syd AliDepartment of Software EngineeringFaculty of Computer Science & Information TechnologyUniversity of Malaya, Malaysiabusyairah@um.edu.myAutomatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is a surveillance system onboard aircraft that periodically transmits itsstate vector estimates. The state vector estimates are derived from navigation avionics and transmitted via common communication channel. These indicate that ADS-B is highly dependent on the navigation and communication systems. In addition, the system requires ground stations to retrieve the broadcast information. Due to this complex architecture, the system is prone to various failure modes. Therefore a systematic, comprehensive and periodic performance monitoring system is required to ensure safe use of ADS-B surveillance data for Air Traffic Control (ATC) operations. This is crucial to be in place before global ADS-B systemmandate by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). A number of Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) have developed ADS-B performance monitoring methods. These include EUROCONTROL, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Airservices Australia,Hong Kong China Civil Aviation Department and Civil Aviation AuthorityofSingapore. This work conducts a systematic review on thesemethods. It then classifies the methods to identify gaps. Finally, derives a set of performances indicators for monitoringADS-B stations, avionics and performance level.Keywords: ADS-B,performance monitoring, surveillancesystem.1.IntroductionImplementation of ADS-B Out is slowly taking place in many regions. This involves voluntary efforts by the Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs), airline operators, regulators and manufacturers, as the global mandate is yet in place. However, some regions such as Australia have advanced in this effort. In orderto ensure that the implementations are operationally safe either towards mix-mode (radar and ADS-B) or sole operation of ADS-B in non-radar airspace, safety monitoring of the system is essential. This includes monitoring of ADS-B ground stations, avionics and performance level. This paperdiscusses the principles of ADS-B operations, analyses in detailed the system infrastructuresand implementation requirements. Subsequently, itreviews effort from a number of ANSPs such asEUROCONTROL, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Airservices Australia, Hong Kong China CivilAviation Department and Civil Aviation
AuthorityofSingaporeon developing and implementing ADS-B monitoring system. Eachsystems’ features are reviewed in detail.Based on the detailed and systematic review, a set of performance indicators for monitoring ADS-B ground station, avionics and performance is derived. Finally, compliance of the reviewed systems to the derived performance indicators isanalyzed.2.Principle of ADS-B OperationRTCA (2002) defines ADS-B as a function on an aircraft or a surface vehicle operating within the surface movement area that periodically broadcasts its position and other information without knowing the recipients and without expecting acknowledgements as the system only supports one-way broadcasts. The system is automatic in the sense that it does not require external intervention to transmit the information. It is characterized as dependent due to its dependence on aircraft navigation avionics to obtain the surveillance information. ADS-B is a cooperative system, because it requires common equipage for aircraft, or vehicles on the airport surface to exchange information. It provides aircraft state information such as horizontal position, altitude, vector, velocity and trajectory intent information. The latter is critical for trajectory prediction which is the basis of the trajectory-based operations concept of SESAR and NextGen. The ADS-B system architecture is divided into two subsystems, “ADS-B Out” and “ADS-B In”. ICAO (2003)defines the term “ADS-B Out” as the broadcast of ADS-B transmissions from the aircraft, without the installation of complementary receiving equipment to process and display ADS-B data on the cockpit displays. The complementary subsystem is “ADS-B In”, which provides air-to-air situational awareness to the pilots.ADS-B Out has the capability to operate independently to provide air-ground surveillance services to the ATC. On the other hand, implementation of ADS-B In requires fully operational ADS-B Out as a pre-requisite, certification of cockpit displays, consideration of pilot human factors and other activities which have a longer deployment schedule. An ADS-B equipped aircraft uses an on-board navigation system to obtain the aircraft position from GNSS. The system then broadcasts periodically the position, velocity and intent data to other ADS-B equipped aircraft and ADS-B ground stations within its range via a data link service. The ground stations transmit the received ADS-B reports to a surveillance data processing system to process the data for ATC use. Figure 1 illustrates the ADS-B system.