Carlos emory edu odyssey greece

Understanding Architectural

Details

What is the architectural style of your home?

Is it a Georgian or a Cape Cod? Maybe it is

a Ranch or a Neo-Eclectic? The primary

purpose of Unit 2 is to help you identify

architectural styles and features.

Columns – the Greeks developed the Three

Orders of Architecture -- we still use them today

• Most common is the

Doric style seen here

http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/GREECE/Doric.html
• Of the three columns found in Greece, Doric columns are the simplest. They have a capital (the top, or crown) made of a circle topped by a square. The shaft (the tall part of the column) is plain and has 20 sides. There is no base in the Doric order. The Doric order is very plain, but powerful-looking in its design. Doric, like most Greek styles, works well horizontally on buildings, that's why it was so good with the long rectangular buildings made by the Greeks. The area above the column, called the frieze [pronounced "freeze"], had simple patterns. Above the columns are the metopes and triglyphs. The metope [pronounced "met-o-pee"] is a plain, smooth stone section between triglyphs. Sometimes the metopes had statues of heroes or gods on them. The triglyphs are a pattern of 3 vertical lines between the metopes.

The Parthenon and the Doric

column

Orders of Architecture

• Ionic order is featured

here

http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/GREECE/Ionic.html
• Ionic shafts were taller than Doric ones. This makes the columns look slender. They also had flutes, which are lines carved into them from top to bottom. The shafts also had a special characteristic: entasis, which is a little bulge in the columns make the columns look straight, even at a distance [because since you would see the building from eye level, the shafts would appear to get narrower as they rise, so this bulge makes up for that - so it looks straight to your eye but it really isn't !] . The frieze is plain. The bases were large and looked like a set of stacked rings. Ionic capitals consist of a scrolls above the shaft. The Ionic style is a little more decorative than the Doric.

• Corinthian Order is

seen here

http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/GREECE/Corinthian.html
• The Corinthian order is the most decorative and is usually the one most modern people like best. Corinthian also uses entasis to make the shafts look straight. The Corinthian capitals have flowers and leaves below a small scroll. The shaft has flutes and the base is like the Ionian. Unlike the Doric and Ionian cornices, which are at a slant, the Corinthian roofs are flat.

A fanlight is a semicircular or semi-elliptical window over a

doorway or another window.

• This is a fan light

above the door with

sidelights on the sides

of the door

• Pediment

• Cornice

• Frieze

• Architrave

• Doric Columns

• Oak door with

sidelights and no

transom

Dentil

• In architecture, a dentil is

one of a series of small

square projecting blocks

in the molding of a

cornice. They were

originally employed as a

decorative representation

of the beam-ends of a

wooden roof, the term

has been extended to

apply to objects made of

wood.

Roof Types - Gable • A very triangular roof,

the gable allows rain

and snow to run off

easily.

• This is a side gable

home with gabled

dormers

This is a gable. The entire triangular area and trim is called a

pediment. The triangular wall surface (covered with stucco in this

example) is called the tympanium.

Cross Gable

• This is like the gable

roof, but has two

parts that cross

Flat Roof

• A flat roof is exactly

that - flat. It is easy to

build and uses few

materials.

Gambrel Roof (not barn)

Saltbox Roof Style

• SALT BOX ROOF

Shed roof built onto a

gable roof at the

same pitch and width.

Mansard Roof

Mansard Roof with dormers

• Mansard Roof

• Brackets

• Clapboard Siding

• Cornice

Hip Roof

• A hip roof covered with terra cotta roof tiles. These are often called Spanish Tile roofs because the practice of using moulded clay units as roof covering originated in the Anadalusian region of Spain. Note the typical exaggerated ridge caps and the exposed rafter tails under the fascia.

• HIP WITH CROSS

GABLES

A central hip with

crossing gables.

Common Roof Types

Eyebrow Dormer

Technically the word "dormer" applies only to the window itself. The

house like structure which contains the window is called a gablet. This

dormer window is a double-hung unit.

• Gabled Doormer

Arches

• A Syrian, or

segmental, arch

forms a partial curve,

or eyebrow, over a

door or window. This

arch has a slight rise

and is semi-elliptical

across the top.

• A Roman arch is a

strong, rounded arch

that forms a semi-

circle. Often made of

masonry, Roman

arches still stand in

the Coliseum.

• Tudor arches are

often described as

"flattened" Gothic

arches. They feature

a point at the crown,

but the span is much

wider than the Gothic

style.

• A Flat arch, also

known as jack or

straight arch, extends

straight across an

opening with no

curvature, creating a

horizontal emphasis.

Gothic Arch

• A narrow, pointed

opening is the hallmark of

a Gothic arch. The

Gothic arch developed as

a more sinuous and

elegant successor to the

Roman arch and was

widely used in cathedrals

of the Middle Ages such

as Notre Dame in Paris.

What is a pediment? A pediment is a low-pitched triangular gable on the front

of some buildings in the Grecian or Greek Revival style of architecture

Entablature- features three distinct

parts

Pediment

http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/images/109images/greek_archaic_classical/architecture/orders.jpg
Different Windows Types

• Double Hung:

Windows divided into

two main sections.

One section can slide

up and down past the

other one.

Palladian Window

• A Palladian window is a

large window which is

divided into three parts.

The center section is

larger than the two side

sections, and is usually

arched. Renaissance

architecture and other

buildings in classical

styles often have

Palladian windows.

Palladian Window

Oriel Window

Count the number of panes- you

have 6 on top and 6 on bottom

• 6/6 6 over 6 sash is common in older buildings. In the old days, big pieces of glass were expensive, so windows were made from lots of smaller pieces. The wood pieces that hold the panes are called muntins

Muntin

Invented by Frank Lloyd Wright

• A casement window

is hinged on one side

and swings out when

you turn a crank

(some are inward-

swinging). Because it

opens fully, it affords

good ventilation and

is easy to clean.

• An awning window

hinges at the top and

tilts out at the bottom,

providing partial

ventilation. These are

often used above

doors or other

windows.

Rose Window

The stone work that holds the

Small panes of glass in place

Is called tracery

http://www.atkielski.com/PhotoGallery/Paris/NotreDame/RoseWindowLarge.html
Pilasters

• A pilaster is a

rectangular support

which resembles a

flat column. The

pilaster projects only

slightly from the wall,

and has a base, a

shaft, and a capital. It

is a non-supporting

element

Ionic Pilaster

• Door surround with

pilasters

http://www.doorsoflondon.com/DOL3701.htm
• Marble door

surround

with

pilasters

and fanlight

with leaded

glass

Quoins - Dressed concrete stones

at the corners of buildings

• Quoins are decorative

features today – but

originally they

supported the building

• Keystone

Front gable

Italianate House with cupola

• Cupola

• Double or paired

brackets

• Wide overhanging

eaves

• Bay window

• Window hoods

• Segmental

arch door

surround with

transom

• Pedimented Entry

• Dentils

• Doric Columns

• Fan Lights

• Keystone

• Pilasters

• Hip Roof

http://imls-train.cis.drexel.edu/bucks2/elkins_gallery.htm
Perfect Symmetry

http://imls-train.cis.drexel.edu/bucks2/elkins_gallery.htm
Asymmetrical Balance

Classical Door Surround

• Columns

• Fan light

• Sidelights

• Pilasters

• Pediment

• 6 Panel

door