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among the best

tennis players in

the history of the

game.

Serena ‐

Williams

compare with

other tennis

players?

sisters with other players and

provide evidence to support the

claim that they are “among the

best.”

superior ability and accomplishments as well

as descriptions of their athletic feats.

How to build a

personal website.

How do you

build a

personal

website?

Process analysis. The word how,

especially in the phrase how to,

implies a procedure that can be

explained in steps or stages.

Description. The writer should describe the

website, especially the look and design of the

site, at various points in the process.

Petroleum and

natural gas prices

should be

federally

controlled.

What should

be done about

petroleum

and natural

gas prices?

Argument. The word should signals

a debatable claim and proposal,

which calls for evidence and

reasoning in support of the

conclusion.

Comparison and contrast and cause and effect.

The writer should present evidence from a

comparison of federally controlled pricing with

deregulated pricing, as well as from a

discussion of the effects of deregulation.

For more practice, visit the LaunchPad for Models for Writers: LearningCurve > Patterns of Organization

Map Your Organization

After you decide what you want to write about and come up with some ideas about what you might like to say, your next task is to organize the main ideas for your essay in a way that seems both natural and logical to you. One way to map your ideas is to make an outline. In constructing this outline, if you discover that a particular organizational pattern will help you in generating ideas, you might consider using that as your overall organizing principle.

Some writers make a detailed outline and fill it out point by point, whereas others follow a general plan and let the writing take them where it will, making any necessary adjustments to the plan when they revise.

Here are some major patterns of organization you may want to use for your outline:

Chronological (oldest to newest, or the reverse)

Spatial (top to bottom, left to right, inside to outside, and so forth)

Least familiar to most familiar

Easiest to most difficult to comprehend

Easiest to most difficult to accept

According to similarities or differences

Notice that some of these organizational patterns correspond to the rhetorical patterns in Part