Eight Steps of Historical ResearchStep 1: Developing a paperwork management system: Organization is a key factor in successful research. Students in the beginning stage of researchmust select a paperwork management system.If you are working with a group, you’ll have to talk with members of your group and establish a way to keep things in order. If you are working independently, you’ll need to decide what works best for you, while trying to keep your materials organized. Step 2: Selecting a Topic: Brainstorming ideaswhile watching the History Channel or other such educational channels. Looking through ahistory textbook is another great way to begin thinking about potential topics. Please refer to the list that Mrs. Whitaker supplied you with from this year’s National History Day Program book. You don’t have to choose your topic from this sheet, but if you have no ideas, this might be a good place to start.Step 3: Background Reading for Historical Context: In the excitement of getting started students sometimes skip one of the most important steps, building historical context for their research topic. Students need to read widely about their topic, its time period, and the areas or people involved. Look at several different history books about the time period in which the topic takes place.Step 4: Narrowing Your Topic: Selecting a National History Day topic is a process of gradually narrowing the area of history (period or event) that interests you. Examples of narrowing topics:Example 1: If youexpressed an interest in Women's Rights and the theme wasthe Individual in History, youmight consider voting rights. After a library search and reading several texts about the era, youmight narrow the topic to the women's suffrage movement, and then a leader in the struggle for the vote, Alice Paul. In this case, the process looks like this:Theme:Individual in HistoryInterest:Women's RightsTopic:Suffrage MovementIssue/Individual: Alice PaulExample 2: If you wereinterested in science and the theme was Innovation in History, you might research medical discoveries that changed the world like the discovery of penicillin or isolating DNA. Resources to support the research might be in libraries, excellent websites, and History of Science Museums. The process for narrowing the topic and connecting with the theme might follow this sequence:Theme:Innovation in HistoryInterest:History of ScienceTopic:Medical DiscoveriesIssue/Discovery: PenicillinStep 5: Gathering and Recording InformationTo be responsible researchers, it is imperative that you credit sources from which yougathered information. To begin the process, however, it is important for youto collect the critical information from each source as youread: the author's name, title, publisher, and date of publication, and page number for quotes.Citations/bibliographies: You will learn to use MLA style while recording your citation information. For helpwith MLA: http://www.library.cornell.edu/resrch/citmanage/mla
Annotated bibliographyAn annotated bibliography is required for all categories. The annotations for each source must explain how the source was used and how it helped youunderstand the topic. The annotation can alsoexplain why the source was categorized as primary or secondary. Historians do sometimes disagree and there's not always one right answer, so youshould use the annotation to explain why they classified their sources as they did. An annotation normally should be about 1-3 sentences.Source(example)Bates, Daisy. The Long Shadow of Little Rock. 1st ed. New York: David McKay Co. Inc., 1962. Annotation(example)Daisy Bates was the president of the Arkansas NAACP and the one who met and listened to the students each day. This first-hand account was very important to my paper because it made me more aware of the feelings of the people involved. Step 6: Analyzing and Interpreting Sources and the Topic's Significance in HistoryHistorians do more than describe events. They analyze and interpret information gathered from their sources to draw conclusions about a topic's significance in history. You should do the same.Therefore, you’ll need to ask questions of your topic and research, considering the following:Elements of change and continuity Historical context: economic, political, social and cultural atmosphere of the time period Who created the source? When wasthe source created? What was the intent or purpose of the source? Step 7: Developing a thesisThe thesis statement is usually one sentence that presents an argument about the topic. The body of the paper or website, the script of the performance or documentary, the headings and captions in an exhibit then are used to support the thesis using evidence from the research.A good thesis statement:Addresses a narrow topic Explains what the researcher believes to be the historical significance of the topic Connects the topic to the National History Day theme Step 8: Finalizing an NHD research project: When research is completed and ready to present to an audience, review your work. Does it include the following?Analysis and interpretation Significance and impact In depth research Historical accuracy Historical context Adherence to the theme