Precede proceed model for health promotion planning and evaluation

Running head: PUBLIC HEALTH 1

PUBLIC HEALTH 6

Public Health

Daysha Snipes

Applications of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model

Predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling constructs in educational diagnosis and evaluation (PRECEDE) and policy, regulatory, and organizational constructs in educational and environmental development (PROCEED) forms the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. This is particular model is a widely used planning model in health promotion and health education. It covers various planning and evaluation techniques. The model is divided into a number of phases. This paper will focus on the educational and ecological assessment phase.

The health behavior selected for analysis is unprotected intercourse among teens. The reports of an online survey conducted on the TyraShow.com indicated that 52 percent of survey respondents do not use protection when having sex. Statistics have shown that many teens are still engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse despite being aware of the negative consequences. Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) conducted a survey among U.S. high school students in 2017. The results of this particular survey showed that 46% of the respondents admitted having not used a condom the last time they had sex. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model may be applied in attempting to address this particular health behavior.

Unprotected intercourse among teens is a health behavior which is problematic. This is because of the negative consequences of this particular behavior. Unprotected intercourse is one of the sexual risk behaviors which put teens at risk for HIV infections, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and unintended early pregnancy. Teens accounted for an estimated 21% of all new HIV diagnoses and infections in the United States in 2017 according to report released by CDC. Among the teens diagnosed with HIV, 87% were males while 13% were females. More than half of the 20 million new STDs reported each year were among the teens. CDC indicates that nearly 210,000 babies were born to teen girls in the year 2016. Unprotected intercourse is indeed problematic in that it is attributed to new infections of HIV and STDs among teens. Early unintended pregnancy is also another consequence of unprotected intercourse. It is because of this particular reason that unprotected intercourse among the teens need to be addressed.

Educational and Ecological Assessment

In this particular phase, a number of factors will be examined. These are factors that if modified would most likely to result in change in behavior and to sustain this particular change process. In this particular situation, the behavior that is intended to be changed is unprotected intercourse among teens. The factors examined in this particular phase are classified as predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing (PRE) factors. These factors influence the likelihood that a behavioral and environmental change will be realized.

Predisposing Factors

These are antecedents to behavior and may provide a rationale or motivation for the health behavior. They include person’s skills, self-efficacy, age, gender, education, ethnicity, attitudes, values, and knowledge that might influence perceptions of the need and use of protection during intercourse. These factors are derived from the educational level of individuals and their environment.

Reinforcing factors

These are factors that will provide continuing reward or incentive for the persistence or repetition of positive behavior change. Examples of these factors include social support, praise, vicarious reinforcement, positive peer influence and advice from other people. These factors are derived from the ecological environment in which teens are exposed to.

Enabling Factors

These are antecedents to behavioral or environmental change that will allow a motivation or certain policy to be achieved. They include services, resources (health personnel, peer counselors and peer educational materials), teen educational projects, programs, friends, and family. Teens should know how to access and use the protective contraceptives (condoms) and where to get these contraceptives. These factors are derived from the environment in which teens live.

Possible interventions based on the PRE factors

The change theories that will be used for designing the intervention after this particular assessment include individual, interpersonal, and community-level theories. The intervention to address the predisposing factors will be to assess the skills which the teens have with regard to use of protection. The interventions aimed at addressing enabling factors will be to assess the existing programs and resources which may help to reduce the rate of unprotected intercourse among the teens. Another intervention based on reinforcing factors is to analyze the impact of advice and social support in reducing the rate of unprotected intercourse among the teens.

Conclusion

The application of PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model will be useful to teens in improving the rate of unprotected intercourse. This particular model is significant in doing away with the problem of unprotected intercourse among the teens. If the discussed interventions are implemented then it will lead to positive improvement.

References

CDC. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States, (2017). MMWR Surveill Summ 2018;67(No. SS-8).

Porter, C. M. (2016). Revisiting Precede–Proceed: A leading model for ecological and ethical health promotion. Health Education Journal, 75(6), 753-764.

Survey: Unprotected sex common among teens (2008) retrieved at https://www.today.com/parents/survey-unprotected-sex-common-among-teens-wbna27706917

Tapley, H., & Patel, R. (2016). Using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model and service-learning to teach health promotion and wellness: An innovative approach for physical therapist professional education. Journal of Physical Therapy Education, 30(1), 47-59.